ENGR 201- Final Exam Review short notes from lesson 1- lesson 10 plus final
exam questions and answers Sustainable Development and Environmental
Stewardship Concordia University
, lOMoARcPSD|6353920
ENGR 201
Professional Practice and Responsibility
Final Exam Review
, lOMoARcPSD|6353920
Lesson #1 – What is a Profession?
Attributes of Modern Professionals
1. Skill: Individuals are required to undergo an extensive and formal education usually at
the university level which teaches varied and intellectually demanding techniques and
practices. Many of the techniques require science, technology or mathematics; it is
therefore not enough to have an individual serve as an apprentice for practical training.
2. Judgement: Since the work is varied and not routine work, it cannot be mechanized. The
variation in the requirements of work means that individuals as part of their work have
to make choices. These choices while based on the training they receive, have to be
made by the understanding of the individual.
3. Membership in a Self-Governing Society: Modern professionals need to be members of
self-governing professional associations. These associations are usually established by
the government to govern the actions of professionals to ensure that they practice their
profession to further public welfare.
4. Advancing Public Welfare: If they practice their profession in an ethical fashion,
professionals make a significant contribution to improving the welfare of citizens.
Conversely, malpractice or the unethical practice of the profession can have a
significantly adverse effect on citizens and society. For example, consider the effect that
bad construction in a bridge could have on the general population that relies on the
bridge to meet their transportation needs.
Relationship between Values and Professionals
1. Professional values are those that guide the nature of professional relations with
clients, employers, and fellow professionals. This includes aspects such as values of
honesty, integrity, loyalty and responsibility.
2. Professional values relate to societal leadership that relate to how the professional
should relate to the values that underpin a particular society or nation they work within.
These relate to such aspects as law, prejudice, and safety.
3. According to the OIQ four values derived from its social mission Competence, Ethical
Conduct, Responsibility, Social Commitment
4. Mixing personal and professional values is considered a “conflict of interest” and should
be avoided. For example, wearing a religious symbol is not usually considered in
appropriate display of personal values, but giving jobs to people of the same faith could
be considered conflict of interest or discrimination, depending on the professional
system.
, lOMoARcPSD|6353920
Lesson #2 – Professional Systems in Quebec
Historical development of Professional Systems
- Initially inspired by European models of regulation
- Before 1970: Professional associations had weak social contracts and were non-
standardized. Liberal Professional: independent and unregulated by governments.
- Between 1960-70: there was a surge in many new & different professions.
- Prior to 1973: Trust in the ability of professional associations to govern themselves.
Professional associations were arbitrary. Code of ethics not obligatory
- Reason for change: Necessity of ensuring public safety. Development of many
specialized professions. Formalizing practice rights.
- In 1973 National Assembly of Quebec initiated a new control of professional orders:
Adopted the Professional Code. Instituted a Professional System.
Professions and the Social Contract Model
- Social Contract Model: Such a model places more emphasis on member responsibilities
rather than rights. (Professional associations) goal protect the public
Professional associations in Canada (and Quebec in particular)
- Labour Code (Canada) for Professional Employees: is, in the course of their
employment, engaged in the application of specialized knowledge ordinarily acquired by
a course of instruction and study resulting in graduation from a university or similar
institution, and is, or is eligible to be, a member of a professional organization that is
authorized by statute to establish the qualifications for membership in the organization.
- Five primary groups that administer the system:
1. The Government of Quebec (Minister of Justice)
Reports to the national assembly of Quebec on the operations of the
professional system.
The minister present legislation and resolutions regarding the professional
system in the national assembly.
2. Professional Tribunal
Groups of judges who are appointed by the court of Quebec who listen to
appeals on decisions made by disciplinary councils of different orders.
3. Quebec’s Professional Office
Ensures that different orders respect their mission and give advice to the
government.
exam questions and answers Sustainable Development and Environmental
Stewardship Concordia University
, lOMoARcPSD|6353920
ENGR 201
Professional Practice and Responsibility
Final Exam Review
, lOMoARcPSD|6353920
Lesson #1 – What is a Profession?
Attributes of Modern Professionals
1. Skill: Individuals are required to undergo an extensive and formal education usually at
the university level which teaches varied and intellectually demanding techniques and
practices. Many of the techniques require science, technology or mathematics; it is
therefore not enough to have an individual serve as an apprentice for practical training.
2. Judgement: Since the work is varied and not routine work, it cannot be mechanized. The
variation in the requirements of work means that individuals as part of their work have
to make choices. These choices while based on the training they receive, have to be
made by the understanding of the individual.
3. Membership in a Self-Governing Society: Modern professionals need to be members of
self-governing professional associations. These associations are usually established by
the government to govern the actions of professionals to ensure that they practice their
profession to further public welfare.
4. Advancing Public Welfare: If they practice their profession in an ethical fashion,
professionals make a significant contribution to improving the welfare of citizens.
Conversely, malpractice or the unethical practice of the profession can have a
significantly adverse effect on citizens and society. For example, consider the effect that
bad construction in a bridge could have on the general population that relies on the
bridge to meet their transportation needs.
Relationship between Values and Professionals
1. Professional values are those that guide the nature of professional relations with
clients, employers, and fellow professionals. This includes aspects such as values of
honesty, integrity, loyalty and responsibility.
2. Professional values relate to societal leadership that relate to how the professional
should relate to the values that underpin a particular society or nation they work within.
These relate to such aspects as law, prejudice, and safety.
3. According to the OIQ four values derived from its social mission Competence, Ethical
Conduct, Responsibility, Social Commitment
4. Mixing personal and professional values is considered a “conflict of interest” and should
be avoided. For example, wearing a religious symbol is not usually considered in
appropriate display of personal values, but giving jobs to people of the same faith could
be considered conflict of interest or discrimination, depending on the professional
system.
, lOMoARcPSD|6353920
Lesson #2 – Professional Systems in Quebec
Historical development of Professional Systems
- Initially inspired by European models of regulation
- Before 1970: Professional associations had weak social contracts and were non-
standardized. Liberal Professional: independent and unregulated by governments.
- Between 1960-70: there was a surge in many new & different professions.
- Prior to 1973: Trust in the ability of professional associations to govern themselves.
Professional associations were arbitrary. Code of ethics not obligatory
- Reason for change: Necessity of ensuring public safety. Development of many
specialized professions. Formalizing practice rights.
- In 1973 National Assembly of Quebec initiated a new control of professional orders:
Adopted the Professional Code. Instituted a Professional System.
Professions and the Social Contract Model
- Social Contract Model: Such a model places more emphasis on member responsibilities
rather than rights. (Professional associations) goal protect the public
Professional associations in Canada (and Quebec in particular)
- Labour Code (Canada) for Professional Employees: is, in the course of their
employment, engaged in the application of specialized knowledge ordinarily acquired by
a course of instruction and study resulting in graduation from a university or similar
institution, and is, or is eligible to be, a member of a professional organization that is
authorized by statute to establish the qualifications for membership in the organization.
- Five primary groups that administer the system:
1. The Government of Quebec (Minister of Justice)
Reports to the national assembly of Quebec on the operations of the
professional system.
The minister present legislation and resolutions regarding the professional
system in the national assembly.
2. Professional Tribunal
Groups of judges who are appointed by the court of Quebec who listen to
appeals on decisions made by disciplinary councils of different orders.
3. Quebec’s Professional Office
Ensures that different orders respect their mission and give advice to the
government.
