DEX IOT DAY 5 TEST - TRAUMA AND
HAND & WRIST 100 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
1. What are the 3 types of proximal femur fractures?: Subtroch, Intertroch,
Femoral Neck
2. What is the challenge of intra-articular fractures?: Synovial fluid in joint
capsule is detrimental to healing
3. What defines the subtroch region?: Extends 5 cm distal to lesser trochanter
4. What is the normal neck shaft angle of proximal femur?: 130 degrees +/-
7 degrees
5. What is the normal femoral anteversion angle and why does it exist?:
10 degrees +/- 7 degrees; femoral head is anterior to shaft
6. What is the femoral calcar?: Thick cortex running from lesser troch along
neck to femoral head; best bolster region in inferior posterior aspect
7. What is Ward's triangle?: Area of femoral neck lacking in strength
1/8
, DEX IOT Day 5 Test - Trauma and Hand & Wrist
8. What is Wolf's law?: Bones develop shape and morphology based on
stresses and mechanics (soft tissue attachments)
9. Anatomic location of lesser troch indicates...: Degree of rotation
10. Is there any significant risk to blood supply with lateral approach to
proximal femur fx fixation?: No
11. What is potential risk involving blood supply in femoral neck fx?:
Retinacular arteries supply femoral neck and head; fracture at femoral neck
leads to avascular necrosis of head
12. Garden classification for femoral neck fx:: Type I: incomplete, valgus
impacted
Type II: complete, undisplaced
Type III: complete, displaced, some bone intact
Type IV: displaced fracture
13. What percent of femoral neck fx occur in women?: 80%
14. Treatment options for femoral neck fx:: Garden type I and II treated with
closed pinning (3 screws)
Garden type III and IV treated with THA, hemiarthroplasty, or closed pinning
depending on age/health of patient
2/8
HAND & WRIST 100 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
1. What are the 3 types of proximal femur fractures?: Subtroch, Intertroch,
Femoral Neck
2. What is the challenge of intra-articular fractures?: Synovial fluid in joint
capsule is detrimental to healing
3. What defines the subtroch region?: Extends 5 cm distal to lesser trochanter
4. What is the normal neck shaft angle of proximal femur?: 130 degrees +/-
7 degrees
5. What is the normal femoral anteversion angle and why does it exist?:
10 degrees +/- 7 degrees; femoral head is anterior to shaft
6. What is the femoral calcar?: Thick cortex running from lesser troch along
neck to femoral head; best bolster region in inferior posterior aspect
7. What is Ward's triangle?: Area of femoral neck lacking in strength
1/8
, DEX IOT Day 5 Test - Trauma and Hand & Wrist
8. What is Wolf's law?: Bones develop shape and morphology based on
stresses and mechanics (soft tissue attachments)
9. Anatomic location of lesser troch indicates...: Degree of rotation
10. Is there any significant risk to blood supply with lateral approach to
proximal femur fx fixation?: No
11. What is potential risk involving blood supply in femoral neck fx?:
Retinacular arteries supply femoral neck and head; fracture at femoral neck
leads to avascular necrosis of head
12. Garden classification for femoral neck fx:: Type I: incomplete, valgus
impacted
Type II: complete, undisplaced
Type III: complete, displaced, some bone intact
Type IV: displaced fracture
13. What percent of femoral neck fx occur in women?: 80%
14. Treatment options for femoral neck fx:: Garden type I and II treated with
closed pinning (3 screws)
Garden type III and IV treated with THA, hemiarthroplasty, or closed pinning
depending on age/health of patient
2/8
