DEX IOT DAY TEST NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL
EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A
1. What is flatfoot (pes planus)?: Collapse of the medial longitudinal arch due
to progression degeneration of the Posterior tibial tendon. If left untreated the
deformity can advance into arthritis in the joints associated in the midfoot and
hindfoot leading to fusion.
2. What is the function of the Posterior tibial tendon (PTT)?: Maintain the
talonavicular joint at the apex of the three arches.
3. How does the foot change as the disorder progresses?: It becomes more
rigid.
4. What other structures can be damaged due to tendon dysfunction?:
Spring ligament, talocalcaneal ligaments, deltoid ligament, plantar fascia, and
other soft-tissue structures.
5. What is necessary for the development of the characteristic planovalgus
deformity of AAFD?: Failure of multiple stabilizers, depressed plantar-flexed
talus bone, hindfoot and/or midfoot valgus, and an everted flattened forefoot.
6. What are the commonly used metrics for the longitudinal arch?: Meary
angle (A), calcaneal inclination angle (B), and calcaneal-fifth metatarsal angle
(C).
7. What is mearys angle?: Angle between the long axis of the talus and the
long axis of the first metatarsal
8. What is the calcaneal inclination angle: Angle between the line at the
plantar calc surface and the horizontal plane
9. What is calc-5th metatarsal angel: Angle between the line at the plantar
surface and the line at the inferior 5th met shaft
, .
10. What are the standard Meary angle (A), calcaneal inclination angle (B),
and calcaneal-fifth metatarsal angle (C).: 0 (Parallel), 20 - 30, 150-165
11. What is hindfoot valgus?: Abnormal outward angulation of the hindfoot.
12. What is forefoot abduction?: Abnormal outward angulation of the forefoot.
13. What is the talocalcaneal angle (kite angle)?: Angle between the line
bisecting the head and neck of the talus and the line parallel to the lateral
surface of the calcaneus
14. What is the talus first metatarsal alignment axis?: Line drawn along the
long axis of the talus, extended into the forefoot, its orientation compared with
that of the first metatarsal shaft
15. What is the talonavicular angle?: Angle between the articular surface of the
talar head and the articular surface of the proximal navicular bone
16 What are the normal values for talocalcaneal angle (kite angle), talus first
metatarsal alignment, talonavicular angle?: >25 - 40, Talar axis angled slightly
lateral to 1st met shaft, parallel (0).
17. What starts the path towards flat foot deformity?: Swelling or slight tear of
the PTT (Posterior Tibial Tendon). This is not enough to lead to substantial
deformity on its own
18. How does injury to a persons PTT lead to flat foot?: The injured PTT leads
to increased strain on the other stabilizers of the ankle. This all combined can
then lead to noticeable predictable deformity
19. What are the other stabilizers affected by flatfoot deformity?: Spring
ligament and talocalcaneal ligaments.
EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A
1. What is flatfoot (pes planus)?: Collapse of the medial longitudinal arch due
to progression degeneration of the Posterior tibial tendon. If left untreated the
deformity can advance into arthritis in the joints associated in the midfoot and
hindfoot leading to fusion.
2. What is the function of the Posterior tibial tendon (PTT)?: Maintain the
talonavicular joint at the apex of the three arches.
3. How does the foot change as the disorder progresses?: It becomes more
rigid.
4. What other structures can be damaged due to tendon dysfunction?:
Spring ligament, talocalcaneal ligaments, deltoid ligament, plantar fascia, and
other soft-tissue structures.
5. What is necessary for the development of the characteristic planovalgus
deformity of AAFD?: Failure of multiple stabilizers, depressed plantar-flexed
talus bone, hindfoot and/or midfoot valgus, and an everted flattened forefoot.
6. What are the commonly used metrics for the longitudinal arch?: Meary
angle (A), calcaneal inclination angle (B), and calcaneal-fifth metatarsal angle
(C).
7. What is mearys angle?: Angle between the long axis of the talus and the
long axis of the first metatarsal
8. What is the calcaneal inclination angle: Angle between the line at the
plantar calc surface and the horizontal plane
9. What is calc-5th metatarsal angel: Angle between the line at the plantar
surface and the line at the inferior 5th met shaft
, .
10. What are the standard Meary angle (A), calcaneal inclination angle (B),
and calcaneal-fifth metatarsal angle (C).: 0 (Parallel), 20 - 30, 150-165
11. What is hindfoot valgus?: Abnormal outward angulation of the hindfoot.
12. What is forefoot abduction?: Abnormal outward angulation of the forefoot.
13. What is the talocalcaneal angle (kite angle)?: Angle between the line
bisecting the head and neck of the talus and the line parallel to the lateral
surface of the calcaneus
14. What is the talus first metatarsal alignment axis?: Line drawn along the
long axis of the talus, extended into the forefoot, its orientation compared with
that of the first metatarsal shaft
15. What is the talonavicular angle?: Angle between the articular surface of the
talar head and the articular surface of the proximal navicular bone
16 What are the normal values for talocalcaneal angle (kite angle), talus first
metatarsal alignment, talonavicular angle?: >25 - 40, Talar axis angled slightly
lateral to 1st met shaft, parallel (0).
17. What starts the path towards flat foot deformity?: Swelling or slight tear of
the PTT (Posterior Tibial Tendon). This is not enough to lead to substantial
deformity on its own
18. How does injury to a persons PTT lead to flat foot?: The injured PTT leads
to increased strain on the other stabilizers of the ankle. This all combined can
then lead to noticeable predictable deformity
19. What are the other stabilizers affected by flatfoot deformity?: Spring
ligament and talocalcaneal ligaments.
