Database Environment
, Three-Level ANSI-SPARC Architecture
• External level
– User's view
– Data gathering
• Conceptual level
– Organization view (entity, attribute, & relationship)
– Constraints and security
– Entity-relationship diagram
– Normalization
• Internal level
– Physical presentation
– Storage, index, compression, & encryption
– File organization
, Database Schemas
• Database schema (intension) & database
instance (extension)
– External schemas (subschema)
– Conceptual schema (database schema)
– Internal schema
, Three-Level ANSI-SPARC Architecture
• External level
– User's view
– Data gathering
• Conceptual level
– Organization view (entity, attribute, & relationship)
– Constraints and security
– Entity-relationship diagram
– Normalization
• Internal level
– Physical presentation
– Storage, index, compression, & encryption
– File organization
, Database Schemas
• Database schema (intension) & database
instance (extension)
– External schemas (subschema)
– Conceptual schema (database schema)
– Internal schema