ACCS Kettering questions with correct
answers
Alveolar Oxygen Tension (PAO2)/Alveolar Air Equation Answer✔✔ Shortcut:
(Fio2 x 7) -Paco2 +10
VD/VT and ratio Answer✔✔ Paco2-Peco2/Paco2 Make it a ratio by multiply
answer by 100. 20-40% (up to 60% for vent pts)
Alveolar Minute Ventilation Answer✔✔ (VT-VD) x f
Anatomic deadspace Answer✔✔ 1ml per 1lb body weight
Work of breathing Answer✔✔ change in Pressure X change in Volume .5-.7 J/L
(.05-.07 kg-m/l)
Alveolar-Arterial Oxygen Gradient (P(A-a)O2 or AaDo2 or A-a Gradient
Answer✔✔ PAO2-PaO2 Normal:25-65 torr on 100% o2 V/Q mismatch: 66-300
torr Shunting:>300 torr
Arterial Oxygen Content (CaO2) Answer✔✔ Never have to calculate on test. If all
values are good just pick normal 17-20%(high teens). If all values are bad pick the
answer in low teens
Mixed Venous Oxygen Content (CvO2) and SvO2 Answer✔✔ Reflect cardiac
output. Cvo2 and SvO2 will decrease with the cardiac output. Cvo2: 12-16%.
SvO2: 65-75%
, Arterial-Venous Oxygen Content Difference (C(a-v)O2) Answer✔✔ CaO2-CvO2.
Will rise when cardiac output is falling. 4-5%.
Shunt Equation (QS/QT) Answer✔✔ Shortcut: When A-aDO2 goes up by 100 add
5% starting at 5%. Example 300=20%. Normal is 3-5%
PaO2 to SaO2 relation Answer✔✔ PaO2+30= SaO2
P/F Ratio Answer✔✔ PaO2/FiO2 380 torr or greater
ATS/ERS Criteria (old school) Answer✔✔ ALI: <300. ARDS P/F Ratio <200,
PCWP <18mmhg, diffuse bilateral infiltrates
Berlin Criteria (New school) Answer✔✔ Mild ARDS: P/F ratio <200-300
Moderate ARDS: P/F ratio <100-200 Sever ARDS:P/F Ratio <100 Diffuse
bilateral opacities
Cardiac output Answer✔✔ 4-8 L/min
Cardiac index Answer✔✔ 2-4 L/min. half cardiac output
Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) Answer✔✔ 25/8 (14)mmhg
Right Atrium pressure Answer✔✔ 2-6 mmhg or 4-12 cmh2o
Right Ventricle pressure Answer✔✔ 25/0 mmhg
answers
Alveolar Oxygen Tension (PAO2)/Alveolar Air Equation Answer✔✔ Shortcut:
(Fio2 x 7) -Paco2 +10
VD/VT and ratio Answer✔✔ Paco2-Peco2/Paco2 Make it a ratio by multiply
answer by 100. 20-40% (up to 60% for vent pts)
Alveolar Minute Ventilation Answer✔✔ (VT-VD) x f
Anatomic deadspace Answer✔✔ 1ml per 1lb body weight
Work of breathing Answer✔✔ change in Pressure X change in Volume .5-.7 J/L
(.05-.07 kg-m/l)
Alveolar-Arterial Oxygen Gradient (P(A-a)O2 or AaDo2 or A-a Gradient
Answer✔✔ PAO2-PaO2 Normal:25-65 torr on 100% o2 V/Q mismatch: 66-300
torr Shunting:>300 torr
Arterial Oxygen Content (CaO2) Answer✔✔ Never have to calculate on test. If all
values are good just pick normal 17-20%(high teens). If all values are bad pick the
answer in low teens
Mixed Venous Oxygen Content (CvO2) and SvO2 Answer✔✔ Reflect cardiac
output. Cvo2 and SvO2 will decrease with the cardiac output. Cvo2: 12-16%.
SvO2: 65-75%
, Arterial-Venous Oxygen Content Difference (C(a-v)O2) Answer✔✔ CaO2-CvO2.
Will rise when cardiac output is falling. 4-5%.
Shunt Equation (QS/QT) Answer✔✔ Shortcut: When A-aDO2 goes up by 100 add
5% starting at 5%. Example 300=20%. Normal is 3-5%
PaO2 to SaO2 relation Answer✔✔ PaO2+30= SaO2
P/F Ratio Answer✔✔ PaO2/FiO2 380 torr or greater
ATS/ERS Criteria (old school) Answer✔✔ ALI: <300. ARDS P/F Ratio <200,
PCWP <18mmhg, diffuse bilateral infiltrates
Berlin Criteria (New school) Answer✔✔ Mild ARDS: P/F ratio <200-300
Moderate ARDS: P/F ratio <100-200 Sever ARDS:P/F Ratio <100 Diffuse
bilateral opacities
Cardiac output Answer✔✔ 4-8 L/min
Cardiac index Answer✔✔ 2-4 L/min. half cardiac output
Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) Answer✔✔ 25/8 (14)mmhg
Right Atrium pressure Answer✔✔ 2-6 mmhg or 4-12 cmh2o
Right Ventricle pressure Answer✔✔ 25/0 mmhg
