OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 14: Antimicrobial Drugs

OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 14: Antimicrobial Drugs * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Which was the first antimicrobial agent discovered to treat syphilis? A. chloramphenicol B. compound 606* C. penicillin D. sulfonamide 2. Who is credited for first finding an antimicrobial agent? A. Paul Ehrlich* B. Alexander Fleming C. Edward Jenner D. Joseph Lister 3. Who is credited for first finding a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent? A. Paul Ehrlich B. Alexander Fleming* C. Edward Jenner D. Joseph Lister 4. Alexander Fleming first observed a mold (now known as Penicillium notatum) that was able to inhibit which organism? A. Escherichia B. Listeria C. Staphylococcus* D. Streptococcus 5. Which of the following is a semisynthetic antimicrobial agent? A. actinomycin B. ampicillin* C. streptomycin D. neomycin 6. Which describes the difference between a secondary infection and a superinfection? A. A secondary infection is a type of superinfection that develops when antibiotics are not given. B. A superinfection is a type of secondary infection that can develop when antibiotics kill much of the patient’s normal flora.* C. A superinfection is a type of secondary infection that develops when antibiotics taken to treat a particular pathogen do not completely kill all of that original pathogen. D. A secondary infection is a type of superinfection that develops when the pathogen mutates in response to the antimicrobial agent. 7. Life-threatening diseases caused by bacterial pathogens should be treated with which of the following? A. bactericidal agents only* B. bacteriostatic agents only C. both bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents. D. neither bacteriostatic nor bactericidal agents 8. Which of the following is a -lactam antibiotic? A.* B. C. 9. Which of the following is not a -lactam antibiotic? A. carbapenem B. cephalosporin C. penicillin D. tetracycline* 10. How does penicillin work? A. Penicillin binds to penicillin-binding proteins, thus inhibiting the transglycosylation reaction during cell wall synthesis. B. Penicillin binds to penicillin-binding proteins, thus inhibiting the transpeptidation reaction during cell wall synthesis.* C. Penicillin blocks the movement of peptidoglycan subunits from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell. D. Penicillin inserts into the plasma membrane, causing cell lysis. 11. How does bacitracin work? A. Bacitracin binds to penicillin-binding proteins, thus inhibiting the transglycosylation reaction during cell wall synthesis. B. Bacitracin binds to penicillin-binding proteins, thus inhibiting the transpeptidation reaction during cell wall synthesis. C. Bacitracin blocks the movement of peptidoglycan subunits from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell.* D. Bacitracin inserts into the plasma membrane, causing cell lysis. 12. The penicillins act on which typed of bacteria. A. gram-negative bacteria only B. gram-positive bacteria only C. mostly gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria D. mostly gram-positive bacteria and some gram-negative bacteria* 13. The aminoglycosides directly target which structure of the bacterial cell? A. 30S ribosomal subunit* B. 50S ribosomal subunit C. cell wall D. plasma membrane 14. The macrolides target which feature of the bacterial cell? A. 30S ribosomal subunit B. 50S ribosomal subunit* C. cell wall D. plasma membrane E. 15. Which of the following was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be approved by the FDA? A. chloramphenicol* B. compound 606 C. penicillin D. tetracycline 16. Which of the following commonly results from most antibiotic classes that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit? A. Peptide bond formation is inhibited.* B. Proteins made from this ribosome insert into the plasma membrane. C. The proofreading mechanism of the ribosome is inhibited. D. tRNAs charged with an amino acid cannot enter the ribosome. 17. Congratulations! You have discovered a new antibiotic. It is lipophilic and detergent-like. On the basis of this information, its target is most likely which of the following? A. peptidoglycan B. the bacterial ribosome C. the plasma membrane* D. nucleic acid synthesis machinery 18. Which is the target of the antimicrobial drug known as rifampin? A. DNA gyrase B. DNA polymerase C. helicase D. RNA polymerase* 19. Which is the target of the class of antimicrobial drugs known as fluoroquinolones? A. DNA gyrase* B. DNA polymerase C. helicase D. RNA polymerase 20. Sulfa drugs (sulfonamides) inhibit which metabolic pathway? A. dihydrofolic acid synthesis pathway* B. Embden-Meyerhof pathway C. Entner–Doudoroff pathway D. pentose-phosphate pathway 21. Metronidazole and pentamidine are used to treat which type of infection? A. bacterial B. fungal C. helminth D. protozoan* 22. Benzimidazoles and avermectins are used to treat which types of infection? A. bacterial B. fungal C. helminth* D. protozoan 23. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as AZT, can be used to target which virus? A. herpes B. HIV* C. influenza D. rabies 24. Which of the following antiviral drugs is not a nucleoside analog? A. acyclovir B. etravirine* C. sofosbuvir D. vidarabine 25. What mechanism of resistance is used by both MRSA and VRSA? A. blocked/reduced penetration B. efflux pump C. inactivation of enzyme D. target modification* 26. Which of the following contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance? A. blocked/reduced penetration B. efflux pump C. inactivation of enzyme D. target modification* 27. Examine the results of the disk diffusion assay shown below. Which antimicrobial agent is the most effective? A. A* B. B C. C D. D