OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 17: Innate Nonspecific Host Defenses

OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 17: Innate Nonspecific Host Defenses * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Which type of cells line the inner surface of blood vessels to prevent microbes from gaining access to blood? A. ciliated epithelial cells B. endothelial cells* C. keratinized squamous epithelial cells D. squamous epithelial cells 2. Which of the following is not a type of cell junction? A. centromere* B. desmosome C. gap D. tight 3. Which layer of the skin contains blood and lymph vessels? A. dermis B. epidermis C. follicles D. hypodermis* 4. Which cells produce and secrete mucus? A. ciliated epithelial cells B. goblet cells* C. keratinized squamous epithelial cells D. Peyer’s patches 5. Which fungus causes rose gardener’s disease? A. Candida albicans B. Cryptococcus neoformans C. Histoplasma capsulatum D. Sporothrix schenckii* 6. Which type of cells line the respiratory tract? A. ciliated epithelial cells* B. endothelial cells C. keratinized squamous epithelial cells D. squamous epithelial cells 7. What is sebum? A. a watery, salty liquid that inhibits bacterial growth B. an oily substance released from sebaceous glands that contributes to defense* C. proteins that are involved in bacterial cell division D. visible accumulation of leukocytes, cell debris, and bacteria at the site of infection 8. What is pus? A. a watery, salty liquid that inhibits bacterial growth B. an oily substance released from sebaceous glands that contributes to defense C. proteins that are involved in bacterial cell division D. visible accumulation of leukocytes, cell debris, and bacteria at the site of infection* 9. Which antimicrobial enzyme is found in saliva? A. amylase B. haptocorrin C. lactoperoxidase* D. opiorphin 10. Examine the diagram of peptidoglycan. Which bond (A–D) is targeted by lysozyme? A. A* B. B C. C D. D 11. Which chemical mediator is produced by lactobacilli in the female reproductive system and limits the growth of Candida? A. glucagon B. glycogen C. lactate* D. lactoferrin 12. Which bacterium is able to invade sweat glands of the skin and can use lipase to degrade sebum? A. Bacteroides B. Propionibacterium* C. Staphylococcus D. Streptococcus 13. Defensins target which process or structure of a microbial cell? A. cell membrane* B. cell wall C. DNA synthesis D. protein synthesis 14. Where are acute phase proteins produced? A. bone marrow B. liver* C. pancreas D. spleen 15. Which is the best term to describe the process that occurs when an immune cell releases cytokines to nearby cells to trigger a response? A. autocrine B. endocrine C. hormonal D. paracrine* 16. Which cytokine recruits leukocytes to sites of infections? A. chemokine* B. histamine C. interferons D. interleukins 17. Which of the following describes the differentiation of stem cells into various blood cells? A. autopoiesis B. biopoiesis C. galactopoiesis D. hematopoiesis* 18. Which of the following leukocytes is an agranulocyte? A. basophil B. eosinophil C. monocyte* D. neutrophil 19. Which of the following leukocytes is used for protection against protozoa and helminths? A. basophil B. eosinophil* C. monocyte D. neutrophil 20. Which of the following leukocytes initiates inflammation? A. eosinophil B. mast cell* C. monocyte D. neutrophil 21. Mast cells and basophils release which chemical moderator? A. defensins B. histamine* C. interferon D. leukocidin 22. Where are Kupffer cells found? A. brain B. liver* C. lung D. peritoneal cavity 23. Toll-like receptors are examples of which of the following? A. NAMs B. NKCs C. PAMPs D. PRRs* 24. Which of the following is not recognized by toll-like receptors? A. bacterial DNA B. exotoxins* C. flagellin D. peptidoglycan 25. Which of the following is the initial compartment a pathogen enters after being engulfed by a macrophage? A. inclusion B. lysosome C. phagolysosome D. phagosome