OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 18: Adaptive Specific Host Defenses

OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 18: Adaptive Specific Host Defenses * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following are the primary cells involved in the adaptive immune system? A. dendritic cells B. eosinophils C. lymphocytes* D. macrophages 2. Antibodies are made up of which of the following? A. carbohydrates B. glycoproteins* C. lipids D. nucleic acids 3. Which molecular fragment on an antigen molecule do antibodies recognize and respond to? A. epitope* B. Fab region C. Fc region D. variable region 4. A molecule that is too small to be antigen is known as a(n) . These molecules are typically associated with . A. adjuvant; allergies B. adjuvant; viruses C. hapten; allergies* D. hapten; viruses 5. Which class of antibody is the most abundant in serum? A. IgA B. IgE C. IgG* D. IgM 6. Which class of antibody provides protection against parasitic pathogens? A. IgA B. IgE* C. IgG D. IgM 7. On an antibody, where do phagocytic cells bind during antibody-mediated opsonization? A. disulfide bond B. Fab region C. Fc region* D. variable region 8. Which MHC class is mostly likely found on macrophages? A. class I B. class II* C. both class I and class II D. neither class I nor class II 9. Which cells do not express MHCs? A. erythrocytes* B. hepatocytes C. intestinal epithelial cells D. leukocytes 10. Which process describes the cross-linking of pathogens by antibodies so the kidney and spleen can filter them from the blood? A. agglutination* B. complementation C. neutralization D. transformation 12. Which complement cascade begins with antibodies binding to a pathogen? A. alternative only B. classical only* C. lectin only D. all three pathways (alternative, classic, and lectin) 13. T cells mature in which location? A. bone marrow B. testes C. thymus* D. thyroid 14. A cell that has been infected with an intracellular pathogen will be targeted for destruction by which type of lymphocyte? A. B cell B. CD4+ regulatory T cell C. CD8+ cytotoxic T cell* D. plasma cell 15. Helper T cells are activated by which of the following? A. MHC class I B. MHC class II* C. either MHC class I or class II D. both MHC class I and class II presenting the same antigen 16. Cytotoxic T cells are activated by which of the following? A. MHC class I* B. MHC class II C. either MHC class I or class II D. both MHC class I and class II presenting the same antigen 17. Which bacterial pathogen species can produce superantigen to trigger toxic shock syndrome? A. Escherichia B. Listeria C. Staphylococcus* D. Yersinia 18. Which of the following is the primary function of B cells? A. to activate T cells B. to phagocytose pathogens C. to produce antibodies* D. to target and destroy cells infected with an intracellular pathogen 19. After antigen presentation and activation, antibodies are produced and secreted by which cells? A. CD4 T cells B. memory T cells C. naïve B cells D. plasma cells* 20. Which of the following is the term for activated B cells producing different antibody monomers with the same epitope specificity? A. class switching* B. clonal expansion C. cross presentation D. VDJ arrangement 21. Which of the following statements is true? A. In the secondary response to an antigen, higher levels of IgM will be detected in an individual’s serum. B. In the secondary response to an antigen, lower levels of IgM will be detected in an individual’s serum. C. The lag period following secondary exposure to an antigen is longer than the lag period following primary exposure. D. The lag period following secondary exposure to an antigen is shorter than the lag period following primary exposure.* 22. B cells mature in which location? A. bone marrow* B. bulbourethral gland C. thymus D. thyroid 23. Which protein released by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells generates pores in target cells? A. granzyme B. hyaluronidase C. perforin* D. phospholipase 24. TCRs recognize epitopes made of which type of molecule? A. carbohydrates B. lipopolysaccharide C. nucleic acid D. protein* 25. Who is credited for the discovery of the concept of a vaccine through his work with cowpox and smallpox? A. Alexander Fleming B. Edward Jenner* C. Joseph Lister D. Louis Pasteur 26. Who is credited for the discovery of the vaccine against cholera? A. Alexander Fleming B. Edward Jenner C. Joseph Lister D. Louis Pasteur* 27. Why was James Phipps (the boy who was purposely infected with cowpox) protected against smallpox? A. Cowpox and smallpox are the same virus. B. Cowpox is antigenically similar to smallpox.* C. He was also inoculated with B cells specific for smallpox when he was infected with cowpox. D. Individuals need to be given a vaccine against only one type of virus to gain protection against all viruses. 28. Vaccines are an example of which class of immunity? A. active artificially acquired* B. active naturally acquired C. passive artificially acquired D. passive naturally acquired 29. Which vaccine would be most protective against diphtheria? A. conjugate B. inactivated C. live attenuated D. toxoid* 30. Which vaccine would be most protective against the capsule-forming pathogen Neisseria meningitidis? A. conjugate* B. inactivated C. live attenuated D. toxoid Difficulty: Hard ASM Standard: 14, 23 True/False 31. The secondary immune response to the same antigen will result in less antibody production. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 7, 14 32. An antigen can only have one epitope site. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 7, 14 33. It is possible for two different antibodies to recognize the same antigen. Answer: True 34. Antibodies are ineffective against toxins. Answer: False 35. All nucleated cells can present antigens to trigger the adaptive immune response. Answer: True 36. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells can be activated by either MHC class I or cytokines from TH1 cells. Answer: True 37. TCRs are secreted by T cells to target free-floating antigens. Answer: False