OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 19: Diseases of the Immune System

OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 19: Diseases of the Immune System * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. An allergy is an example of which of the following? A. a type I hypersensitivity* B. a type II hypersensitivity C. a type III hypersensitivity 2. If someone were accidentally given blood of the wrong type, which of the following is likely to occur? A. an autoimmune disorder B. anaphylaxis C. a hemolytic transfusion reaction* D. a type I hypersensitivity 3. Granules in mast cells are released to the extracellular environment through which of the following processes? A. an Arthus reaction B. anaphylaxis C. degranulation* D. the hemolytic response 4. The term immune tolerance means which of the following? A. becoming sensitized with repeated exposures B. developing autoimmune disease after repeated exposures C. having an unusually weak immune response to common antigens D. the ability to recognize self and prevent immune attack on one’s own cell* 5. Desensitization treatment is also known by which of the following terms? A. allografting B. autoimmunity C. hyposensitization therapy* D. serum treatment 6. A granuloma is which of the following infections? A. acute systemic infection B. chronic local infection* C. chronic systemic infection D. disseminated infectio 7. Rh factors are which of the following? A. a type of T cell B. important examples of immune cells C. important RBC antigens* D. unimportant in blood transfusions 8. Serum sickness is which of the following? A. systemic type I hypersensitivity B. systemic type II hypersensitivity C. systemic type III hypersensitivity* D. systemic type IV hypersensitivity 9. Which of the following types of transplants has the lowest risk of rejection? A. allograft B. autograft* C. isograft D. xenograft 10. Which of the following types of infection is most common in an individual with X-linked agammaglobulinemia? A. infections associated with autoimmune inflammations B. infections caused by extracellular, pyogenic pathogens* C. infections caused by intracellular pathogens D. viral infections 11. In some cases, transplanted tissue (such as bone marrow) can produce cytotoxic T cells that attack the host cells of the recipient. Which of the following describes such an attack? A. a hemolytic transfusion reaction B. an autograft reaction C. graft versus host disease* D. transplant rejection 12. Which of the following is an advantage of using vaccines instead of antibacterial sera, such as the diphtheria antitoxin? A. Antitoxins are less likely to cause type I hypersensitivity. B. Antitoxins are more likely to cause the disease they are intended to treat. C. Vaccines are less likely to cause systemic type III hypersensitivity.* D. Vaccines are less likely to cause type II hypersensitivity. 13. Which of the following is an example of a CD4 Th1-mediated reaction? A. anaphylactic reaction B. chronic asthma C. delayed type hypersensitivity* D. transplant rejection 14. Contact dermatitis is an example of which of the following? A. CD4 TH1-mediated reaction* B. CD4 TH2-mediated reaction C. type of serum sickness D. underdeveloped immune response 15. When serum sickness occurs, the immune complexes are removed by which of the following? A. antigenic cells B. phagocytic cells* C. the major histocompatibility complex D. transplanted tissues 16. Which of the following describes what happens when someone has a reaction to poison ivy? A. The antigen circulates in the blood, causing a systemic response, such as serum sickness. B. The antigen remains on the surface of cells, where it is picked up by macrophages. C. The individual’s cells absorb the antigen and are then targeted by CTLs, which induce apoptosis.* D. The individual’s cells resist the antigen, which is cleared from the cell surfaces by antibodies. 17. Tissue damage caused by delayed type hypersensitivities is largely the result of which of the following? A. activated macrophages* B. antibodies C. direct attack by sensitized memory TH1 cells D. reactions involving CD4 TH2 cells 18. An individual’s first exposure to an antigen capable of eliciting a type I hypersensitivity initially causes which of the following responses? A. a response by TH1 cells B. a response by TH2 cells* C. cross-linking of IgE D. the release of leukotrienes 19. The regions of IgE antibodies capable of binding to specific mast cell receptors are called which of the following? A. activated regions B. fragment crystallizable regions* C. histamine regions D. tumor necrosis factor binding sites 20. During degranulation, which of the following occurs? A. Antigen-binding sites attach to granules in cells. B. Antigens are released into the plasma. C. Cytotoxic T cells are released. D. Mast cells release granules containing histamine and other preformed components.* 21. Degranulation results in the release of which of the following? A. bradykinin only B. bradykinin, histamine, and serotonin only C. bradykinin, histamine, serotonin, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and cytokines* D. prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines, and IgE 22. When people take antihistamines, they are most likely trying to treat which of the following symptoms? A. itching, headache, and reduced tear production B. pruritus, sneezing, watery eyes, and runny nose* C. redness and swelling associated with an infection D. vomiting and nausea 23. Histamine and serotonin can stimulate which of the following? A. constipation B. decreased vascular permeability C. vasoconstriction D. vomiting* 24. Which of the following are the symptoms of a localized type I hypersensitivity reaction? A. asthma only B. asthma, hay fever rhinitis, and hives* C. constriction of respiratory passages D. vasodilation and hypotension 25. Which of the following symptoms distinguish anaphylaxis from milder type I hypersensitivity reactions? A. hypertension, blockage of airways, and risk of death B. hypotension, blockage of airways, shock, and risk of death* C. massive tissue damage from cytotoxic reactions with risk of death D. pruritus and rhinitis 26. The A and B antigens on the surface of blood cells are which of the following? A. carbohydrates* B. glycoproteins C. lipids D. proteins 27. Severe bronchiole constriction during an allergic reaction can potentially cause which of the following? A. cyanosis* B. pruritus C. vasoconstriction D. vasodilation