OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 23: Urogenital System Infections

OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 23: Urogenital System Infections * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. What is a glomerulus? A. a capillary bed that contacts a nephron* B. a connecting duct in the urinary system C. a part of the urinary bladder D. the part of the nephron that drains into the ureter 2. Urine leaves the urinary bladder through which structure? A. collecting duct B. meatus C. ureter D. urethra* 3. What tube(s) in the male reproductive system transfer(s) sperm to the vas deferens? A. the epididymis* B. the prostate C. the seminal tubules D. the seminal vesicles 4. Which of the following refers to inflammation of the bladder? A. cystitis* B. glomerulonephritis C. orchitis D. pyelonephritis 5. Which of the following is typically true of the kidneys? A. They are colonized by Candida spp. B. They are colonized by lactobacilli. C. They are colonized by staphylococci. D. They are colonized by no normal microbiota.* 6. Which refers to dysuria? A. bladder pain B. painful urination* C. production of urine that contains blood D. production of urine that contains pus 7. In the United States, which sexually transmitted infection is especially common in individuals between the ages of 15 and 24 years? A. chlamydia B. gonorrhea* C. HIV/AIDs D. syphilis 8. Which condition occurs when the normal vaginal microbiota is unbalanced but there is no inflammation? A. bacterial vaginitis B. bacterial vaginosis* C. chancroid D. pelvic inflammatory disease 9. Which of the following STIs is caused by a protozoan? A. chlamydia B. genital warts C. herpes D. trichomoniasis* 10. Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system? A. excreting wastes B. filtering blood C. producing urea* D. regulating the balance of salt and water in the body 11. In most women, which is the most common acid-producing bacterial genus in the vagina? A. Lactobacillus* B. Megasphaera C. Pseudomonas D. Staphylococcus 12. Which of the following does not contribute to nonspecific immune defense against vaginal infections? A. The normal microbiota decreases estrogen levels that enhance microbial growth.* B. The normal microbiota outcompetes other microbes for binding sites and nutrients. C. The normal microbiota produces an acidic environment that inhibits microbial growth. D. The normal microbiota produces hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins. 13. What are the two most common causative agents of pelvic inflammatory disease? A. Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris B. Group B Streptococcus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae C. Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia coli D. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis* 14. If a urinary dipstick shows the presence of nitrite, which bacteria would most likely be present because of their ability to convert nitrate to nitrite? A. Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae* B. Klebsiella pneumoniae or Staphylococcus saprophyticus C. Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Streptococcus agalactiae D. Streptococcus pyogenes or Chlamydia trachomatis 15. Half of all cases of leptospirosis in the United States are found in which state? A. Alaska B. Florida C. Hawaii* D. Texas 16. Which of the following is not a major cause of nongonococcal urethritis? A. Chlamydia trachomatis B. Mycoplasma genitalium C. Treponema pallidum* D. Ureaplasma urealyticum 17. The most common treatment for nongonococcal urethritis involves which of the following? A. azithromycin and penicillins B. azithromycin and tetracyclines, unless resistance is present* C. cephalosporins and tetracyclines, unless resistance is present D. fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 18. Vaginolysin, a toxin that damages red blood cells and vaginal epithelial cells, is produced by which pathogen? A. Bacteroides sp. B. Fusobacterium sp. C. Gardnerella vaginalis* D. Lactobacillus sp. 19. Which of the following describes clue cells? A. epithelial cells with attached bacterial cells; associated with bacterial vaginosis* B. epithelial cells with damaged cell membranes; associated with nongonococcal urethritis C. lysed epithelial cells; associated with nongonococcal urethritis D. lysed epithelial cells found within the urinary tract during urinary tract infections 20. Which symptom is not commonly associated with chronic gonorrhea in women? A. amenorrhea (lack of menstruation)* B. increased menstrual flow C. pelvic pain D. vaginal discharge 21. Due to antibiotic resistance, which of the following is the preferred first treatment for gonorrhea? A. cephalosporins* B. fluoroquinolones C. penicillins D. tetracyclines 22. Which of the following is not associated with chlamydial infections? A. cystitis* B. increased risk of cervical cancer C. orchitis D. salpingitis 23. For which infection is routine screening recommended for women younger than age 25 years, beginning prenatal care, or considered to be at high risk? A. bacterial vaginosis B. chancroid C. chlamydia* D. syphilis 24. Haemophilus ducreyi causes which condition? A. chancroid* B. chlamydia C. syphilis D. urethritis 25. Systemic herpes infections are best detected using which method? A. cultures B. examination for cytopathic effects C. immunostaining D. PCR techniques* 26. What are condylomata acuminata? A. abundant lesions caused by HSV-2 B. fleshy pink growths caused by HPV infection* C. rounded, sometimes purulent, lesions caused by Treponema pallidum D. viruses that cause warts to develop 27. What test is commonly used to combine HPV and Pap testing, in addition to methods that may be used separately to detect HPV? A. ELISA B. LBC* C. NAAT D. PCR