Communication Disorders
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Deficits in:
● Speech is the expressive production of sounds and includes an individual's articulation,
fluency, voice, and resonance quality.
● Language includes the form, function, and use of a conventional system of symbols (i.e.,
spoken words, sign language, written words, pictures) in a rule-governed manner for
communication.
● Communication includes any verbal or nonverbal behavior (whether intentional or
unintentional) that influences the behavior, ideas, or attitudes of another individual.
1. Language Disorder
● Such deficits include limited vocabulary, limited ability to form sentences, and limited
capacity to use language to communicate relative to what is expected for one's age.
● Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
● Children with receptive language impairments have a poorer prognosis than those with
predominantly expressive impairments.
● Genetic and physiological – high heritability
Differential Diagnosis Comorbidity
● Normal variations in language ● Specific learning disorder (literacy and
● Hearing or other sensory impairment numeracy)
● Neurological disorders ● Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
● Language regression ● Autism spectrum disorder
● Developmental coordination disorder
● Social (pragmatic) communication
disorder.
2. Speech Sound Disorder
● Verbal dyspraxia – term for speech production problems
● Articulation difficulties are commonly found in people who have speech disorders.
The term refers to problems forming and combining sounds, usually by omitting,
distorting, or substituting them.
● Voice disorders include difficulties with the quality, pitch, and loudness of the voice
(prosody). Individuals with voice disorders may have trouble with the way their voices
sound, and listeners may have trouble understanding a person with this speech
pathology.
● Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period.
3. Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
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Deficits in:
● Speech is the expressive production of sounds and includes an individual's articulation,
fluency, voice, and resonance quality.
● Language includes the form, function, and use of a conventional system of symbols (i.e.,
spoken words, sign language, written words, pictures) in a rule-governed manner for
communication.
● Communication includes any verbal or nonverbal behavior (whether intentional or
unintentional) that influences the behavior, ideas, or attitudes of another individual.
1. Language Disorder
● Such deficits include limited vocabulary, limited ability to form sentences, and limited
capacity to use language to communicate relative to what is expected for one's age.
● Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
● Children with receptive language impairments have a poorer prognosis than those with
predominantly expressive impairments.
● Genetic and physiological – high heritability
Differential Diagnosis Comorbidity
● Normal variations in language ● Specific learning disorder (literacy and
● Hearing or other sensory impairment numeracy)
● Neurological disorders ● Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
● Language regression ● Autism spectrum disorder
● Developmental coordination disorder
● Social (pragmatic) communication
disorder.
2. Speech Sound Disorder
● Verbal dyspraxia – term for speech production problems
● Articulation difficulties are commonly found in people who have speech disorders.
The term refers to problems forming and combining sounds, usually by omitting,
distorting, or substituting them.
● Voice disorders include difficulties with the quality, pitch, and loudness of the voice
(prosody). Individuals with voice disorders may have trouble with the way their voices
sound, and listeners may have trouble understanding a person with this speech
pathology.
● Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period.
3. Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
