Theories of Personality Horney, Wertheimer, Goldstein, Alfred
Adler, Julian Rotter, , Ruth Benedict,
Abraham Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic
Theory Taught at Brooklyn College, Brandeis
University
President of APA in 1967-68
Overview of the Holistic-Dynamic Theory
Married 1st cousin Bertha
IQ195
What is meant by holistic-dynamic theory?
Lived with physical and psychological
pain in most of his life
Called humanistic theory, transpersonal
Died on June 8, 1970, 62 years old
theory, third force in psychology, fourth
force in personality, needs theory, self-
actualization theory
Maslow, Allport, Rogers, May – same
Maslow’s View of Motivation
category – Third Force of Psychology
Basic Assumptions:
Biography of Maslow
It involves the whole person.
It is complex.
Born in Manhattan, NY on April 1,
1908 Often unconscious, continual, and
applicable to all people – basic needs
Oldest of 7 children
Has 4 dimensions: conative, aesthetic,
Unhappy childhood – shy, depressed,
cognitive, neurotic
and inferior
Needs can be arranged in a hierarchy
Intense hatred for his mother
Attended law school in City College
New York, Cornell University; received Conative Needs
his BA in Philosophy in Uni. Of
Wisconsin
Arranged in a hierarchy
Come into contact with E.B. Titchener
(teacher in Intro to Psych), Fromm, Striving or motivational character
, Lower-level needs – prepotency over usually reactive; serves as compensation to
higher-level needs unsatisfied needs e.g. hoarding drive
How does one know if he or she has
neurotic needs?
1. Physiological needs – most prepotent of
all; completely satisfied/overly satisfied in
one setting; recurring
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
2. Safety needs – cannot be overly satisfied;
adults retaining irrational fears from
childhood experience basic anxiety Maslow’s quest for a self-actualizing
person – a Good Human Being
3. Love and belongingness needs – 3
“Syndrome for Psychological Health”
categories of people: satisfied, not satisfied,
and partially satisfied – Who yearns for the Criteria:
most love?
1. Free from psychopathology
4. Esteem needs – a. reputation needs –
2. Had progressed through the hierarchy of
conscious of eyes of others; b. self-esteem –
needs
strength, mastery, achievement, adequacy,
confidence, independence, freedom 3. Acceptance of the B-values (truth,
beauty, humor, justice)
5. Self-actualization needs - embrace the
B-values – truth, beauty, justice; self- 4. Full use and exploitation of talents,
fulfillment – realization of all one’s capacities, potentialities
potential, being creative
What do B Values stand for?
Aesthetic Needs – not universal; beauty, Metamotivations of self-actualizing people,
aesthetically pleasing experiences; order characterized by expressive rather than
coping behavior
Cognitive Needs – the desire to know, solve
problems and mysteries, curious; needed to GENERAL DISCUSSION OF NEEDS
satisfy the 5 conative needs; unsatisfied
cognitive needs lead to skepticism,
disillusionment, and cynicism
Physiological (85%), safety (70%), love
and belongingness (50%), esteem
Neurotic Needs – only leads to stagnation
(40%), and self-actualization (10%)
and pathology; nonproductive, unhealthy
style of life, no value for self-actualization;
Adler, Julian Rotter, , Ruth Benedict,
Abraham Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic
Theory Taught at Brooklyn College, Brandeis
University
President of APA in 1967-68
Overview of the Holistic-Dynamic Theory
Married 1st cousin Bertha
IQ195
What is meant by holistic-dynamic theory?
Lived with physical and psychological
pain in most of his life
Called humanistic theory, transpersonal
Died on June 8, 1970, 62 years old
theory, third force in psychology, fourth
force in personality, needs theory, self-
actualization theory
Maslow, Allport, Rogers, May – same
Maslow’s View of Motivation
category – Third Force of Psychology
Basic Assumptions:
Biography of Maslow
It involves the whole person.
It is complex.
Born in Manhattan, NY on April 1,
1908 Often unconscious, continual, and
applicable to all people – basic needs
Oldest of 7 children
Has 4 dimensions: conative, aesthetic,
Unhappy childhood – shy, depressed,
cognitive, neurotic
and inferior
Needs can be arranged in a hierarchy
Intense hatred for his mother
Attended law school in City College
New York, Cornell University; received Conative Needs
his BA in Philosophy in Uni. Of
Wisconsin
Arranged in a hierarchy
Come into contact with E.B. Titchener
(teacher in Intro to Psych), Fromm, Striving or motivational character
, Lower-level needs – prepotency over usually reactive; serves as compensation to
higher-level needs unsatisfied needs e.g. hoarding drive
How does one know if he or she has
neurotic needs?
1. Physiological needs – most prepotent of
all; completely satisfied/overly satisfied in
one setting; recurring
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
2. Safety needs – cannot be overly satisfied;
adults retaining irrational fears from
childhood experience basic anxiety Maslow’s quest for a self-actualizing
person – a Good Human Being
3. Love and belongingness needs – 3
“Syndrome for Psychological Health”
categories of people: satisfied, not satisfied,
and partially satisfied – Who yearns for the Criteria:
most love?
1. Free from psychopathology
4. Esteem needs – a. reputation needs –
2. Had progressed through the hierarchy of
conscious of eyes of others; b. self-esteem –
needs
strength, mastery, achievement, adequacy,
confidence, independence, freedom 3. Acceptance of the B-values (truth,
beauty, humor, justice)
5. Self-actualization needs - embrace the
B-values – truth, beauty, justice; self- 4. Full use and exploitation of talents,
fulfillment – realization of all one’s capacities, potentialities
potential, being creative
What do B Values stand for?
Aesthetic Needs – not universal; beauty, Metamotivations of self-actualizing people,
aesthetically pleasing experiences; order characterized by expressive rather than
coping behavior
Cognitive Needs – the desire to know, solve
problems and mysteries, curious; needed to GENERAL DISCUSSION OF NEEDS
satisfy the 5 conative needs; unsatisfied
cognitive needs lead to skepticism,
disillusionment, and cynicism
Physiological (85%), safety (70%), love
and belongingness (50%), esteem
Neurotic Needs – only leads to stagnation
(40%), and self-actualization (10%)
and pathology; nonproductive, unhealthy
style of life, no value for self-actualization;
