HESI PHARMACOLOGY SPRING 2024 TEST
BANK (LATEST UPDATE): EXPERT
SOLVED.
1) A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the
client's serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse
prepare to administer as prescribed to the client?
• Calcium chloride
• Calcium gluconate
• Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
• Large doses of vitamin D 3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
Rationale:
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is experiencing
hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for
the treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In
hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid
hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and
lowering the serum calcium concentration.
10.) The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client. The nurse
notes that the client is taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Because of the medication
prescription, the nurse would suspect that the client is being treated for:
• Acne
,• Eczema
• Hair loss
• Herpes simplex 1. Acne
Rationale:
Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne. The acid
appears to work by suppressing the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and
decreasing the proliferation of keratinocytes. Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
100.) Saquinavir (Invirase) is prescribed for the client who is human
immunodeficiency virus seropositive. The nurse reinforces medication instructions
and tells the client to:
• Avoid sun exposure.
• Eat low-calorie foods.
• Eat foods that are low in fat.
• Take the medication on an empty stomach. 1. Avoid sun exposure.
Rationale:
Saquinavir (Invirase) is an antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) used with other
antiretroviral medications to manage human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Saquinavir is administered with meals and is best absorbed if the client consumes
high-calorie, high-fat meals. Saquinavir can cause photosensitivity, and the nurse
should instruct the client to avoid sun exposure.
101.) Ketoconazole is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of candidiasis. Select
the interventions that the nurse includes when administering this medication.
Select all that apply.
,• Restrict fluid intake.
• Instruct the client to avoid alcohol.
• Monitor hepatic and liver function studies.
• Administer the medication with an antacid.
• Instruct the client to avoid exposure to the sun.
• Administer the medication on an empty stomach. 2. Instruct the client to
avoid alcohol.
3. Monitor hepatic and liver function studies.
5. Instruct the client to avoid exposure to the sun.
Rationale:
Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication. It is administered with food (not on an
empty stomach) and antacids are avoided for 2 hours after taking the medication
to ensure absorption. The medication is hepatotoxic and the nurse monitors liver
function studies. The client is instructed to avoid exposure to the sun because the
medication increases photosensitivity. The client is also instructed to avoid
alcohol. There is no reason for the client to restrict fluid intake. In fact, this could
be harmful to the client.
102.) A client with human immunodeficiency virus is taking nevirapine (Viramune).
The nurse should monitor for which adverse effects of the medication? Select all
that apply.
• Rash
• Hepatotoxicity
, • Hyperglycemia
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Reduced bone mineral density 1. Rash
2. Hepatotoxicity
Rationale:
Nevirapine (Viramune) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
that is used to treat HIV infection. It is used in combination with other
antiretroviral medications to treat HIV. Adverse effects include rash, Stevens-
Johnson syndrome, hepatitis, and increased transaminase levels. Hyperglycemia,
peripheral neuropathy, and reduced bone density are not adverse effects of this
medication.
103.) A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who has been taking clozapine
(Clozaril) for the treatment of a schizophrenic disorder. Which laboratory study
prescribed for the client will the nurse specifically review to monitor for an
adverse effect associated with the use of this medication?
• Platelet count
• Cholesterol level
• White blood cell count
• Blood urea nitrogen level 3. White blood cell count
Rationale:
Hematological reactions can occur in the client taking clozapine and include
agranulocytosis and mild leukopenia. The white blood cell count should be
checked before initiating treatment and should be monitored closely during the
BANK (LATEST UPDATE): EXPERT
SOLVED.
1) A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the
client's serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse
prepare to administer as prescribed to the client?
• Calcium chloride
• Calcium gluconate
• Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
• Large doses of vitamin D 3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
Rationale:
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is experiencing
hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for
the treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In
hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid
hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and
lowering the serum calcium concentration.
10.) The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client. The nurse
notes that the client is taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Because of the medication
prescription, the nurse would suspect that the client is being treated for:
• Acne
,• Eczema
• Hair loss
• Herpes simplex 1. Acne
Rationale:
Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne. The acid
appears to work by suppressing the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and
decreasing the proliferation of keratinocytes. Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
100.) Saquinavir (Invirase) is prescribed for the client who is human
immunodeficiency virus seropositive. The nurse reinforces medication instructions
and tells the client to:
• Avoid sun exposure.
• Eat low-calorie foods.
• Eat foods that are low in fat.
• Take the medication on an empty stomach. 1. Avoid sun exposure.
Rationale:
Saquinavir (Invirase) is an antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) used with other
antiretroviral medications to manage human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Saquinavir is administered with meals and is best absorbed if the client consumes
high-calorie, high-fat meals. Saquinavir can cause photosensitivity, and the nurse
should instruct the client to avoid sun exposure.
101.) Ketoconazole is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of candidiasis. Select
the interventions that the nurse includes when administering this medication.
Select all that apply.
,• Restrict fluid intake.
• Instruct the client to avoid alcohol.
• Monitor hepatic and liver function studies.
• Administer the medication with an antacid.
• Instruct the client to avoid exposure to the sun.
• Administer the medication on an empty stomach. 2. Instruct the client to
avoid alcohol.
3. Monitor hepatic and liver function studies.
5. Instruct the client to avoid exposure to the sun.
Rationale:
Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication. It is administered with food (not on an
empty stomach) and antacids are avoided for 2 hours after taking the medication
to ensure absorption. The medication is hepatotoxic and the nurse monitors liver
function studies. The client is instructed to avoid exposure to the sun because the
medication increases photosensitivity. The client is also instructed to avoid
alcohol. There is no reason for the client to restrict fluid intake. In fact, this could
be harmful to the client.
102.) A client with human immunodeficiency virus is taking nevirapine (Viramune).
The nurse should monitor for which adverse effects of the medication? Select all
that apply.
• Rash
• Hepatotoxicity
, • Hyperglycemia
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Reduced bone mineral density 1. Rash
2. Hepatotoxicity
Rationale:
Nevirapine (Viramune) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
that is used to treat HIV infection. It is used in combination with other
antiretroviral medications to treat HIV. Adverse effects include rash, Stevens-
Johnson syndrome, hepatitis, and increased transaminase levels. Hyperglycemia,
peripheral neuropathy, and reduced bone density are not adverse effects of this
medication.
103.) A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who has been taking clozapine
(Clozaril) for the treatment of a schizophrenic disorder. Which laboratory study
prescribed for the client will the nurse specifically review to monitor for an
adverse effect associated with the use of this medication?
• Platelet count
• Cholesterol level
• White blood cell count
• Blood urea nitrogen level 3. White blood cell count
Rationale:
Hematological reactions can occur in the client taking clozapine and include
agranulocytosis and mild leukopenia. The white blood cell count should be
checked before initiating treatment and should be monitored closely during the
