Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 100% CORRECT GRADE A+

Homeostasis constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain Anatomy study of STRUCTURE; dissection the act of cutting apart Physiology study of FUNCTION Developmental Biology study of complete development of an individual from fertilization to death Embryology the first 8 weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg cell biology cellular structure and functions Histology study of tissues Gross Anatomy can be examined without a microscope systemic anatomy specific body systems Regional Anatomy specific regions of the body ex: head or chest surface (topographical) anatomy Anatomy from the outside, study of the structure of the body with emphasis on superficial landmarks Imaging anatomy Internal body structures that can be visualized with techniques such as x-rays, MRI, CT scans, and other technologies for clinical analysis and medical intervention. clinical anatomy the practical application of anatomical knowledge to diagnose and treat disease pathological anatomy structural changes associated with disease and aging Molecular physiology Functions of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA Neurophysiology Functional properties of nerve cells endocrinology study of hormones, hormone-secreting glands, and their diseases Horomones chemical regulators released by glands, through the blood, to send messages to cells Cardiovascular physiology function of the heart & blood vessels Immunology Body's resistance to disease causing agents respiratory physiology functions of the air passageways and lungs Renal Physiology kidney function and urine production Exercise Physiology Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity Pathophysiology Functional changes associated with disease and aging Levels of Structural Organization: Lowest to Highest 1. Chemical 2. cellular 3. tissue 4. organ 5. organ system 6. body Atom smallest unit of matter Molecule A group of atoms bonded together Atoms essential for maintaining life carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, sulfur molecules combine to form cells, the basic unit of all life tissue level groups of similar cells that have a common function organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues joined organ system level related organs with a common function pancreas is part of both the digestive system and the endocrine system Organismic level the entire body consisting of the various organ systems. noninvasive diagnostic technique one that does not involve insertion of an instrument or device through the skin or a body opening Palpation examining by touch, the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts ascultation listening to sounds of the body, such as heart, blood vessels, lungs, abdomen, etc... percussion to determine the density of a body part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers integumentary system skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands integumentary system functions Protects body; regulates body temperature, eliminates some wastes; makes vitamin D; detects sensations like touch, pain, warmth, and cold; stores fat, provides insulation skeletal system bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments skeletal system functions provides support, protection, surface area for muscle attachment and mineral/fat storage; houses cells that produce blood cells Muscular System skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle Muscular system function walking, posture, and heat production nervous system brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs (eyes and ears) nervous system function controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli endocrine glands pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. cardiovascular system function Movement of blood and lymph around the body, which permits nutrient distribution, waste removal, communication, and protection. Blood defends against disease and damaged blood vessels lymphoid system and immunity spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, B cells, T cells lymphoid system functions CONTINUED...