WGU C172 NETWORK AND SECURITY FOUNDATIONS PRE
ASSESSMENT 2024 EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS(LATEST
UPDATE)GRADED A+
Ping - (correct answer) testing connectivity to other hosts. Sends internet control message protocol (ICMP) echo
request to a host and listens for reply.
Ipconfig - (correct answer) The utility used to display TCP/IP provides user w/IP, subnet, mask and default gateway
for each network adapter by default. in the Windows client operating systems.
Ifconfig - (correct answer) same as Ipconfig but for Linux. Used for debugging or turning system
traceroute (tracert) - (correct answer) used to trace the route an IP packet takes to a destination isplays each hop
(next router) in a numerical list with the hop's IP address and the time it takes to receive the packet
Tracepath - (correct answer) is similar to traceroute or tracert in that it displays the path taken by a packet from its
source to its destination. This command is useful because it can be used by any user instead of needing superuser
privileges. It is primarily used in Linux.
ARP - (correct answer) Address Resolution Protocol - displays IP to physical (MAC) address mapping for hosts
discovered in ARP cache. Can be used to add, remove, or modify entries in ARP cache.
Netstat - (correct answer) Network statistics - displays into about active ports and their state. useful in
troubleshooting and capacity management
Nslookup - (correct answer) Name server lookup - displays info for displaying DNS info and troubleshooting
Dig - (correct answer) Domain Information Groups - Command used to query DNS name servers
Whois - (correct answer) look up domain owner
Route - (correct answer) used to display current route tables on a host. Can also be sued to add or remove routes.
SCP - (correct answer) Secure Copy Protocol. Used to securely copy files between servers, leveraging SSH (Secure
Shell) for authentication & Encryption
FTP - (correct answer) File Transfer Protocol - copies files from one host to another
TFTP - (correct answer) Trivial file transfer protocol - transfers file from client to server ro server to client use
Finger - (correct answer) displays info about a user or users on a remote system (login username) used primarily on
linux
Nmap - (correct answer) Network Mapper - Scans networks to see what it can find in terms of hosts and open prots
Tcpdump - (correct answer) displays TCP/IP packets and other networks packets being transmitted over network
system. Form of protocol analyzer (sniffer)
Telnet/SSH - (correct answer) allow user to manage accounts & Devices remotely, SSH encrypted, Telnet
unencrypted.
,UTP Cables - Cat 3 - (correct answer) telephone lines. up to 10 MPS
UTP cables - Cat4 - (correct answer) suppports 16 Mps up to 100 Meters. Not commonly used today. token ring
standard.
UTP cables - Cat5 - (correct answer) Ethernet LANs - containing 2 twisted pair. Up to 100 Mps up to 100 Meters
UTP cables - Cat5e - (correct answer) doubles # of twisted pair to four and up to 1GB over 100 Meters
UTP cables - Cat6 - (correct answer) Ethernet LANs and data centers. 4 tightly woven twisted pairs and supports
1GbPs up to 100 Meters or 10 Gbps up to 55 Meters. most today.
UTP cables Cat 6a - (correct answer) Improvement of Cat6. higher quality cable more resistant to interface. Most
commonly used in wired networks today.
Fiberoptic ST - (correct answer) Straight Tip Connector - used up to Mid 2000s
Fiberoptic LT - (correct answer) Lucent Connector - smaller version of the standard connector: supports more
Fiberoptic cables - (correct answer) use lights instead of electricity - great for running at longer distances at higher
speeds. More durable and secure. Transatlantic Submarine cabling across continents
Single mode fiber cable - (correct answer) have several thin glass strands. 10 micron strands. Support narrow
range of wave lengths and higher bandwidths. Ideal for submarine cabling across continents
Multimode - (correct answer) cheaper across shorter distances. Thicker 50-100 microns wider frequency over
shorter distance.
Crossover cable - (correct answer) Used to connect 2 computing devices of same type directly to each other - in
computers accomplished via their network interface controllers (NIC) or switches. Transmit connector on one end to
recieve connector on other.
Patch cable - (correct answer) used to connect device to wall outlet
Hub. Layer? - (correct answer) 1 physical layer. connects router to network, takes data packets from router and
sends to all devices connected on network *USB hub
Modem. Layer? - (correct answer) 1 & 2 - physical and data link - necessary for sending and receiving data. allow
computers to transport digital into over analog lines. ie phone/cable lines
repeater. Layer? - (correct answer) 1 - physical - device used to strengthen, replicate and regenerate signals that
are weakened during transmission. Large homes where signal doesn't reach
Switch Layer? - (correct answer) Data link (2. and 3 network) - standalone OR integrated - such as wireless router
or modems keeps traffic between source and destination ports from interfering w/other devices on network.
Bridge. Layer? - (correct answer) 2 - data link - similar to router. connects 2 or more networks. router analyzes
data packets - bridge simply forwards data to next network.
Router. Layer? - (correct answer) 3 network - can connect your home network to internet. or can connect your
webserver to your database server.
, PAN - (correct answer) Personal Area Network. Centered around a person and their devices. Mouse, headphones,
printer all around their computer.
LAN - (correct answer) Local Area Network - computers connected within a limited area. home lab, office bldg.
usually via ethernet or wireless.
WLAN - (correct answer) Wireless Local Area Network. LAN w/wireless connectivity. use wifi to connect devices.
SAN - (correct answer) Storage Area Network. - allows access to storage devices specifically instead of more
general networking used for any purpose. allows access to tape libraries and disk.
CAN - (correct answer) Campus Area Network. networking of multiple LANs across university or a group of bldgs
owned by a company.
MAN - (correct answer) Metropolitan Area Network - across larger area than CAN but small then WAN. Whole city or
equivalent.
WAN - (correct answer) Wide Area Network - LAN across large area - across globe.
Network Topolgy - (correct answer) physical layout of the connected devices on a network
Bus Topology - (correct answer) commonly used in home networks. single line of devices connected together by one
shared cable. communicate in half-duplex mode - can either send or receive any given time but not at same time. All
computers attached receive same traffic. Kinda like a walkie talkie. gets crowded quickly. pro: simple and inexpensive.
Ring topology - (correct answer) Created to combat "traffic Collison of bus". speaking token around fire - who has it
can speak. generally more reliable than bus. if ring is broken tho all will fail
Star Topology - (correct answer) versatility, flexibility to move computers around office. Most common type of
network found in LAN environments. composed of central device, such as ethernet switch, connected to various
network devices, such as servers, computers and printers by individual cables. AKA: Hub and spoke.
Mesh topolgoy - (correct answer) used where communication s/in a network must be highly available and
redundancy is needed. Originates from interconnected threads in fabric or net. Full mesh: every node has access to all
other noes. Partial mesh: each node only able to connect to subset of other nodes. Usually connected via wifi or radio
signals.
Packet Filter firewall - (correct answer) a firewall that operates at Layers 3 and 4 of the OSI network model:
network and transport. In most networks today, that equates to the IP address (Layer 3) and the TCP or UDP port
number (Layer 4) of the traffic passing through the firewall. inspect incoming (ingress) and outgoing (egress) traffic and
compare the following attributes to a database of packet filter rules that determine if the firewall will forward (allow)
or drop (deny) the traffic:
Protocol (typically IP)
Source IP Address
Destination IP Address
Source TCP or UDP port number
Destination TCP or UDP port number
These firewalls are only concerned with the address label (header) of the packets and perform no level of inspection on
the contents of the packet (the payload)
Which layers of the OSI model does a packet-filtering firewall operate in? - (correct answer) Layers 3 & 4-In order
for a firewall to filter packets, it must be able to analyze the address (Layer 3) as well as the type of traffic—usually TCP
or UDP—which requires Level 4 inspection.
ASSESSMENT 2024 EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS(LATEST
UPDATE)GRADED A+
Ping - (correct answer) testing connectivity to other hosts. Sends internet control message protocol (ICMP) echo
request to a host and listens for reply.
Ipconfig - (correct answer) The utility used to display TCP/IP provides user w/IP, subnet, mask and default gateway
for each network adapter by default. in the Windows client operating systems.
Ifconfig - (correct answer) same as Ipconfig but for Linux. Used for debugging or turning system
traceroute (tracert) - (correct answer) used to trace the route an IP packet takes to a destination isplays each hop
(next router) in a numerical list with the hop's IP address and the time it takes to receive the packet
Tracepath - (correct answer) is similar to traceroute or tracert in that it displays the path taken by a packet from its
source to its destination. This command is useful because it can be used by any user instead of needing superuser
privileges. It is primarily used in Linux.
ARP - (correct answer) Address Resolution Protocol - displays IP to physical (MAC) address mapping for hosts
discovered in ARP cache. Can be used to add, remove, or modify entries in ARP cache.
Netstat - (correct answer) Network statistics - displays into about active ports and their state. useful in
troubleshooting and capacity management
Nslookup - (correct answer) Name server lookup - displays info for displaying DNS info and troubleshooting
Dig - (correct answer) Domain Information Groups - Command used to query DNS name servers
Whois - (correct answer) look up domain owner
Route - (correct answer) used to display current route tables on a host. Can also be sued to add or remove routes.
SCP - (correct answer) Secure Copy Protocol. Used to securely copy files between servers, leveraging SSH (Secure
Shell) for authentication & Encryption
FTP - (correct answer) File Transfer Protocol - copies files from one host to another
TFTP - (correct answer) Trivial file transfer protocol - transfers file from client to server ro server to client use
Finger - (correct answer) displays info about a user or users on a remote system (login username) used primarily on
linux
Nmap - (correct answer) Network Mapper - Scans networks to see what it can find in terms of hosts and open prots
Tcpdump - (correct answer) displays TCP/IP packets and other networks packets being transmitted over network
system. Form of protocol analyzer (sniffer)
Telnet/SSH - (correct answer) allow user to manage accounts & Devices remotely, SSH encrypted, Telnet
unencrypted.
,UTP Cables - Cat 3 - (correct answer) telephone lines. up to 10 MPS
UTP cables - Cat4 - (correct answer) suppports 16 Mps up to 100 Meters. Not commonly used today. token ring
standard.
UTP cables - Cat5 - (correct answer) Ethernet LANs - containing 2 twisted pair. Up to 100 Mps up to 100 Meters
UTP cables - Cat5e - (correct answer) doubles # of twisted pair to four and up to 1GB over 100 Meters
UTP cables - Cat6 - (correct answer) Ethernet LANs and data centers. 4 tightly woven twisted pairs and supports
1GbPs up to 100 Meters or 10 Gbps up to 55 Meters. most today.
UTP cables Cat 6a - (correct answer) Improvement of Cat6. higher quality cable more resistant to interface. Most
commonly used in wired networks today.
Fiberoptic ST - (correct answer) Straight Tip Connector - used up to Mid 2000s
Fiberoptic LT - (correct answer) Lucent Connector - smaller version of the standard connector: supports more
Fiberoptic cables - (correct answer) use lights instead of electricity - great for running at longer distances at higher
speeds. More durable and secure. Transatlantic Submarine cabling across continents
Single mode fiber cable - (correct answer) have several thin glass strands. 10 micron strands. Support narrow
range of wave lengths and higher bandwidths. Ideal for submarine cabling across continents
Multimode - (correct answer) cheaper across shorter distances. Thicker 50-100 microns wider frequency over
shorter distance.
Crossover cable - (correct answer) Used to connect 2 computing devices of same type directly to each other - in
computers accomplished via their network interface controllers (NIC) or switches. Transmit connector on one end to
recieve connector on other.
Patch cable - (correct answer) used to connect device to wall outlet
Hub. Layer? - (correct answer) 1 physical layer. connects router to network, takes data packets from router and
sends to all devices connected on network *USB hub
Modem. Layer? - (correct answer) 1 & 2 - physical and data link - necessary for sending and receiving data. allow
computers to transport digital into over analog lines. ie phone/cable lines
repeater. Layer? - (correct answer) 1 - physical - device used to strengthen, replicate and regenerate signals that
are weakened during transmission. Large homes where signal doesn't reach
Switch Layer? - (correct answer) Data link (2. and 3 network) - standalone OR integrated - such as wireless router
or modems keeps traffic between source and destination ports from interfering w/other devices on network.
Bridge. Layer? - (correct answer) 2 - data link - similar to router. connects 2 or more networks. router analyzes
data packets - bridge simply forwards data to next network.
Router. Layer? - (correct answer) 3 network - can connect your home network to internet. or can connect your
webserver to your database server.
, PAN - (correct answer) Personal Area Network. Centered around a person and their devices. Mouse, headphones,
printer all around their computer.
LAN - (correct answer) Local Area Network - computers connected within a limited area. home lab, office bldg.
usually via ethernet or wireless.
WLAN - (correct answer) Wireless Local Area Network. LAN w/wireless connectivity. use wifi to connect devices.
SAN - (correct answer) Storage Area Network. - allows access to storage devices specifically instead of more
general networking used for any purpose. allows access to tape libraries and disk.
CAN - (correct answer) Campus Area Network. networking of multiple LANs across university or a group of bldgs
owned by a company.
MAN - (correct answer) Metropolitan Area Network - across larger area than CAN but small then WAN. Whole city or
equivalent.
WAN - (correct answer) Wide Area Network - LAN across large area - across globe.
Network Topolgy - (correct answer) physical layout of the connected devices on a network
Bus Topology - (correct answer) commonly used in home networks. single line of devices connected together by one
shared cable. communicate in half-duplex mode - can either send or receive any given time but not at same time. All
computers attached receive same traffic. Kinda like a walkie talkie. gets crowded quickly. pro: simple and inexpensive.
Ring topology - (correct answer) Created to combat "traffic Collison of bus". speaking token around fire - who has it
can speak. generally more reliable than bus. if ring is broken tho all will fail
Star Topology - (correct answer) versatility, flexibility to move computers around office. Most common type of
network found in LAN environments. composed of central device, such as ethernet switch, connected to various
network devices, such as servers, computers and printers by individual cables. AKA: Hub and spoke.
Mesh topolgoy - (correct answer) used where communication s/in a network must be highly available and
redundancy is needed. Originates from interconnected threads in fabric or net. Full mesh: every node has access to all
other noes. Partial mesh: each node only able to connect to subset of other nodes. Usually connected via wifi or radio
signals.
Packet Filter firewall - (correct answer) a firewall that operates at Layers 3 and 4 of the OSI network model:
network and transport. In most networks today, that equates to the IP address (Layer 3) and the TCP or UDP port
number (Layer 4) of the traffic passing through the firewall. inspect incoming (ingress) and outgoing (egress) traffic and
compare the following attributes to a database of packet filter rules that determine if the firewall will forward (allow)
or drop (deny) the traffic:
Protocol (typically IP)
Source IP Address
Destination IP Address
Source TCP or UDP port number
Destination TCP or UDP port number
These firewalls are only concerned with the address label (header) of the packets and perform no level of inspection on
the contents of the packet (the payload)
Which layers of the OSI model does a packet-filtering firewall operate in? - (correct answer) Layers 3 & 4-In order
for a firewall to filter packets, it must be able to analyze the address (Layer 3) as well as the type of traffic—usually TCP
or UDP—which requires Level 4 inspection.
