WGU C172 NETWORK AND SECURITY FOUNDATIONS 2024
PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS(LATEST UPDATE)GRADED A+
Star topology - (correct answer) Most common network topology today - connects all networking devices to a
central switch or hub
Ring topology - (correct answer) Each node connects to exactly two other nodes to deliver packets according to its
designated turn or the availability of the token.
Bus topology - (correct answer) Lays out all connecting nodes in a single run that acts as the common backbone
connection for all connected devices
Mesh topology - (correct answer) Connects a group of clients or nodes directly to each other
Hub - (correct answer) Multiport repeater used to interconnect networking devices. Drawback: it broadcasts the
data it receives to all devices connected to its ports. (Replaced by network switch in most modern networks)
Deterministic - (correct answer) Access to the network is provided at fixed time intervals (Token Ring topology)
OSI (Open systems interconnect) - (correct answer) A reference model developed by the IOS to enable different
types of networks to be linked together. Contains 7 layers. Intent: to provide a framework for networking that ensures
compatibility in the network hardware and software and to accelerate the development of new networking
technologies.
Physical layer (layer 1) - (correct answer) Signals and media: Provides the electrical and mechanical connection to
the network. Examples: EIA/TIA, UTP, fiber, and network interface cards
Data link layer (layer 2) - (correct answer) Provides for the flow of data: Handles error recovery, flow control
(synchronization), and sequencing (which terminals are sending and which are receiving). Considered the "media access
control layer" and is where Media Access Control (MAC) addressing is defined. Ethernet 802.3 standard is defined in this
area. (MAC address sometimes called the Ethernet address)
Network layer (layer 3) - (correct answer) Provides routing decisions: Accepts outgoing messages and combines
messages or segments into packets, adding a heading that includes routing information. It acts as the network
controller. Examples: IP and IPX (Internetwork packet exchange)
Transport layer (layer 4) - (correct answer) Ensures error-free packets: Concerned with message integrity between
source and destination. Segments/reassembles (the packets) and handles flow control. Examples: TCP, User Datagram
Protocol (UDP)
Session layer (layer 5) - (correct answer) Establishes, maintains, and terminates sessions: Provides the control
functions necessary to establish, manage, and terminate the connections as required to satisfy the user request.
Examples: Network File System (NFS), SQL
Presentation layer (layer 6) - (correct answer) Protocol conversion, data translation: Accepts and structures the
messages for the application. It translates the message from one code to another if necessary. Responsible for data
compression and encryption. Examples: ASCII, JPEG
Application layer (layer 7) - (correct answer) Support for applications: Interacts with application programs that
incorporate a communication component such as your Internet browser and email. This layer is responsible for logging
the message in, interpreting the request, and determining what info is needed to support the request. Examples: HTTP,
FTP, SMTP
, Layer 1 (issue) - (correct answer) Issue: The connection to the machine is down - a cabling problem
Layer 3 (issue) - (correct answer) Issue: The network is down, or a router problem
Layer 7 (issue) - (correct answer) Issue: A service on a specific machine is down - a network is having problems
accessing an email server that uses SMTP
Layer 3 test - (correct answer) Ping the IP address to check quickly that there is a network connection
reply from - (correct answer) response for a ping that indicates the connection to the server is up
request timed out - (correct answer) response for a ping that indicates the network connection is down (could be a
problem with: cabling, a switch, a router, email server down)
Layer 2 (issue) - (correct answer) Issue: problem with a switch
Physical Data Network Transport Session Presentation Application - (correct answer) Please do not throw sausage
pizza away (mnemonic device to remember OSI from 1 to 7)
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Physical - (correct answer) All people seem to need data
processing (mnemonic device to remember OSI from 7 to 1)
MAC (Media accessing control) - (correct answer) Layer 2 - ipconfig /all in command line. 6 bytes (48 bits) displayed
in 12 hex digits. Also called the Ethernet, physical, hardware or adapter address.
IP address - (correct answer) Layer 3 - IPv4 or IPv6 - ipconfig /all - subnet mask, default gateway, dns assignment
TCP/IP protocol suite - (correct answer) Transport layer & network layer protocol combination - **reliable
UDP (User datagram protocol) - (correct answer) sending network data with as little overhead as possible -
**unreliable
Data encapsulation - (correct answer) Information added as data moves down the model (IP in level 3, MAC in level
2)
Data de-encapsulation - (correct answer) Information removed as data moves up the model
Bits - (correct answer) Data in layer 1 (physical)
Frames - (correct answer) Data in layer 2 (data link)
Packets - (correct answer) Data in layer 3 (network)
Segments - (correct answer) Data in layer 4 (transport)
(Data) Segments Packets Frames Bits - (correct answer) Some people fear birthdays (mnemonic device to
remember names for data from level 4 to 1) - "Data" is top 3 layers
TCP/IP model - (correct answer) Application, Transport, Internet, Network Interface - Predates OSI -- Not granular
enough
HTTP FTP SMTP - (correct answer) Function at layer 7 (application)
PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS(LATEST UPDATE)GRADED A+
Star topology - (correct answer) Most common network topology today - connects all networking devices to a
central switch or hub
Ring topology - (correct answer) Each node connects to exactly two other nodes to deliver packets according to its
designated turn or the availability of the token.
Bus topology - (correct answer) Lays out all connecting nodes in a single run that acts as the common backbone
connection for all connected devices
Mesh topology - (correct answer) Connects a group of clients or nodes directly to each other
Hub - (correct answer) Multiport repeater used to interconnect networking devices. Drawback: it broadcasts the
data it receives to all devices connected to its ports. (Replaced by network switch in most modern networks)
Deterministic - (correct answer) Access to the network is provided at fixed time intervals (Token Ring topology)
OSI (Open systems interconnect) - (correct answer) A reference model developed by the IOS to enable different
types of networks to be linked together. Contains 7 layers. Intent: to provide a framework for networking that ensures
compatibility in the network hardware and software and to accelerate the development of new networking
technologies.
Physical layer (layer 1) - (correct answer) Signals and media: Provides the electrical and mechanical connection to
the network. Examples: EIA/TIA, UTP, fiber, and network interface cards
Data link layer (layer 2) - (correct answer) Provides for the flow of data: Handles error recovery, flow control
(synchronization), and sequencing (which terminals are sending and which are receiving). Considered the "media access
control layer" and is where Media Access Control (MAC) addressing is defined. Ethernet 802.3 standard is defined in this
area. (MAC address sometimes called the Ethernet address)
Network layer (layer 3) - (correct answer) Provides routing decisions: Accepts outgoing messages and combines
messages or segments into packets, adding a heading that includes routing information. It acts as the network
controller. Examples: IP and IPX (Internetwork packet exchange)
Transport layer (layer 4) - (correct answer) Ensures error-free packets: Concerned with message integrity between
source and destination. Segments/reassembles (the packets) and handles flow control. Examples: TCP, User Datagram
Protocol (UDP)
Session layer (layer 5) - (correct answer) Establishes, maintains, and terminates sessions: Provides the control
functions necessary to establish, manage, and terminate the connections as required to satisfy the user request.
Examples: Network File System (NFS), SQL
Presentation layer (layer 6) - (correct answer) Protocol conversion, data translation: Accepts and structures the
messages for the application. It translates the message from one code to another if necessary. Responsible for data
compression and encryption. Examples: ASCII, JPEG
Application layer (layer 7) - (correct answer) Support for applications: Interacts with application programs that
incorporate a communication component such as your Internet browser and email. This layer is responsible for logging
the message in, interpreting the request, and determining what info is needed to support the request. Examples: HTTP,
FTP, SMTP
, Layer 1 (issue) - (correct answer) Issue: The connection to the machine is down - a cabling problem
Layer 3 (issue) - (correct answer) Issue: The network is down, or a router problem
Layer 7 (issue) - (correct answer) Issue: A service on a specific machine is down - a network is having problems
accessing an email server that uses SMTP
Layer 3 test - (correct answer) Ping the IP address to check quickly that there is a network connection
reply from - (correct answer) response for a ping that indicates the connection to the server is up
request timed out - (correct answer) response for a ping that indicates the network connection is down (could be a
problem with: cabling, a switch, a router, email server down)
Layer 2 (issue) - (correct answer) Issue: problem with a switch
Physical Data Network Transport Session Presentation Application - (correct answer) Please do not throw sausage
pizza away (mnemonic device to remember OSI from 1 to 7)
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Physical - (correct answer) All people seem to need data
processing (mnemonic device to remember OSI from 7 to 1)
MAC (Media accessing control) - (correct answer) Layer 2 - ipconfig /all in command line. 6 bytes (48 bits) displayed
in 12 hex digits. Also called the Ethernet, physical, hardware or adapter address.
IP address - (correct answer) Layer 3 - IPv4 or IPv6 - ipconfig /all - subnet mask, default gateway, dns assignment
TCP/IP protocol suite - (correct answer) Transport layer & network layer protocol combination - **reliable
UDP (User datagram protocol) - (correct answer) sending network data with as little overhead as possible -
**unreliable
Data encapsulation - (correct answer) Information added as data moves down the model (IP in level 3, MAC in level
2)
Data de-encapsulation - (correct answer) Information removed as data moves up the model
Bits - (correct answer) Data in layer 1 (physical)
Frames - (correct answer) Data in layer 2 (data link)
Packets - (correct answer) Data in layer 3 (network)
Segments - (correct answer) Data in layer 4 (transport)
(Data) Segments Packets Frames Bits - (correct answer) Some people fear birthdays (mnemonic device to
remember names for data from level 4 to 1) - "Data" is top 3 layers
TCP/IP model - (correct answer) Application, Transport, Internet, Network Interface - Predates OSI -- Not granular
enough
HTTP FTP SMTP - (correct answer) Function at layer 7 (application)
