NURSING FUNDAMENTAL NCLEX-PN HESI Comp
A Exam Questions and Answers new update
2022/2023
A client who is admitted with emphysema is having difficulty breathing. In
which position should the nurse place the client?
A.High Fowler's position without a pillow behind the
head B.Semi-Fowler's position with a single pillow
behind the head
C.Right side-lying position with the head of the bed elevated 45
degrees D.Sitting upright and forward with both arms supported on
an over the bed table D
Adequate lung expansion is dependent on deep breaths that allow the
respiratory muscles to increase the longitudinal and anterior-posterior size
of the thoracic cage. Sitting upright and leaning forward with the arms
supported on an over the bed table (D) allows the thoracic cage to expand in
all four directions and reduces dyspnea. A high Fowler's position does not
allow maximum expansion of the posterior lobes of the lungs (A). A semi-
Fowler's position restricts expansion of the anterior-posterior diameter of the
thoracic cage (B). Positioning a client on the right side with the head of the
bed elevated
(C) does not facilitate lung expansion.
A client with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) is taking 25 mg of
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) PO and 40 mg of furosemide (Lasix) PO daily.
Today, at a routine clinic visit, the client's serum potassium level is 4 mEq/L.
What is the most likely cause of this client's potassium level?
A. The client is noncompliant with his medications.
B. The client recently consumed large quantities of pears or nuts.
1
,NURSING FUNDAMENTAL NCLEX-PN HESI Comp
A Exam Questions and Answers new update
2022/2023
C. The client's renal function has affected his potassium level.
D. The client needs to be started on a potassium
supplement. C
The client has a normalized potassium level despite diuretic use (C). The
kidney automatically secretes 90% of potassium consumed, but in chronic
renal insufficiency (CRI), less potassium is excreted than normal.
Therefore, the two potassium-wasting drugs, a thiazide diuretic and loop
diuretic, are not likely to affect potassium levels. The normal potassium
level is 3.5 to 5 mEq/L, and with a potassium level of 4 mEq/L, there is no
reason to believe that the client is noncompliant with his treatment (A).
Pears and nuts do not affect the serum potassium level (B). There is no
need for a potassium supplement (D) because the client's potassium level
is within the normal range.
A registered nurse (RN) delivers telehealth services to clients via
electronic communication. Which nursing action creates the greatest risk
for professional liability and has the potential for a malpractice lawsuit?
A. Participating in telephone consultations with clients
B. Identifying oneself by name and title to clients in telehealth
communications C.Sending medical records to health care
providers via the Internet D.Answering a client-initiated health
question via electronic mail
C
Sending medical records over the Internet, even with the latest security
protection, creates the greatest risk for liability because of the high potential
of breaching client confidentiality and the amount of information being
2
,NURSING FUNDAMENTAL NCLEX-PN HESI Comp
A Exam Questions and Answers new update
2022/2023
transferred (C). Client confidentiality is protected by federal wiretapping
laws making telephone consultation (A) a private and protected form of
communication. By stating one's name and credentials in telehealth
communication (B), one is taking responsibility for the encounter. E-mail
initiated by the client (D) poses less risk than sending records via the
Internet.
Which pathophysiologic response supports the contraindication for opioids,
such as morphine, in clients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
A.Sedation produced by opioids is a result of a prolonged half-life when the
ICP is elevated.
B.Higher doses of opioids are required when cerebral blood flow is
reduced by an elevated ICP.
C.Dysphoria from opioids contributes to altered levels of consciousness
with an elevated ICP.
3
, NURSING FUNDAMENTAL NCLEX-PN HESI Comp
A Exam Questions and Answers new update
2022/2023
D.Opioids suppress respirations, which increases Pco2 and contributes to
an elevated ICP.
D
The greatest risk associated with opioids such as morphine (D) is
respiratory depression that causes an increase in Pco2, which increases
ICP and masks the early signs of intracranial bleeding in head injury. (A, B,
and C) do not support the risks associated with opioid use in a client with
increased ICP.
The charge nurse of a medical surgical unit is alerted to an impending
disaster requiring implementation of the hospital's disaster plan. Specific
facts about the nature of this disaster are not yet known. Which instruction
should the charge nurse give to the other staff members at this time?
A.Prepare to evacuate the unit, starting with the
bedridden clients. B.UAPs should report to the emergency
center to handle transports.
C.The licensed staff should begin counting wheelchairs and IV poles on the
unit.
D.Continue with current assignments until more instructions
are received. D
When faced with an impending disaster, hospital personnel may be alerted
but should continue with current client care assignments until further
instructions are received (D). Evacuation is typically a response of last
resort that begins with clients who are most able to ambulate (A). (B) is
premature and is likely to increase the chaos if incoming casualties are
anticipated. (C) is poor utilization of personnel.
4
A Exam Questions and Answers new update
2022/2023
A client who is admitted with emphysema is having difficulty breathing. In
which position should the nurse place the client?
A.High Fowler's position without a pillow behind the
head B.Semi-Fowler's position with a single pillow
behind the head
C.Right side-lying position with the head of the bed elevated 45
degrees D.Sitting upright and forward with both arms supported on
an over the bed table D
Adequate lung expansion is dependent on deep breaths that allow the
respiratory muscles to increase the longitudinal and anterior-posterior size
of the thoracic cage. Sitting upright and leaning forward with the arms
supported on an over the bed table (D) allows the thoracic cage to expand in
all four directions and reduces dyspnea. A high Fowler's position does not
allow maximum expansion of the posterior lobes of the lungs (A). A semi-
Fowler's position restricts expansion of the anterior-posterior diameter of the
thoracic cage (B). Positioning a client on the right side with the head of the
bed elevated
(C) does not facilitate lung expansion.
A client with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) is taking 25 mg of
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) PO and 40 mg of furosemide (Lasix) PO daily.
Today, at a routine clinic visit, the client's serum potassium level is 4 mEq/L.
What is the most likely cause of this client's potassium level?
A. The client is noncompliant with his medications.
B. The client recently consumed large quantities of pears or nuts.
1
,NURSING FUNDAMENTAL NCLEX-PN HESI Comp
A Exam Questions and Answers new update
2022/2023
C. The client's renal function has affected his potassium level.
D. The client needs to be started on a potassium
supplement. C
The client has a normalized potassium level despite diuretic use (C). The
kidney automatically secretes 90% of potassium consumed, but in chronic
renal insufficiency (CRI), less potassium is excreted than normal.
Therefore, the two potassium-wasting drugs, a thiazide diuretic and loop
diuretic, are not likely to affect potassium levels. The normal potassium
level is 3.5 to 5 mEq/L, and with a potassium level of 4 mEq/L, there is no
reason to believe that the client is noncompliant with his treatment (A).
Pears and nuts do not affect the serum potassium level (B). There is no
need for a potassium supplement (D) because the client's potassium level
is within the normal range.
A registered nurse (RN) delivers telehealth services to clients via
electronic communication. Which nursing action creates the greatest risk
for professional liability and has the potential for a malpractice lawsuit?
A. Participating in telephone consultations with clients
B. Identifying oneself by name and title to clients in telehealth
communications C.Sending medical records to health care
providers via the Internet D.Answering a client-initiated health
question via electronic mail
C
Sending medical records over the Internet, even with the latest security
protection, creates the greatest risk for liability because of the high potential
of breaching client confidentiality and the amount of information being
2
,NURSING FUNDAMENTAL NCLEX-PN HESI Comp
A Exam Questions and Answers new update
2022/2023
transferred (C). Client confidentiality is protected by federal wiretapping
laws making telephone consultation (A) a private and protected form of
communication. By stating one's name and credentials in telehealth
communication (B), one is taking responsibility for the encounter. E-mail
initiated by the client (D) poses less risk than sending records via the
Internet.
Which pathophysiologic response supports the contraindication for opioids,
such as morphine, in clients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
A.Sedation produced by opioids is a result of a prolonged half-life when the
ICP is elevated.
B.Higher doses of opioids are required when cerebral blood flow is
reduced by an elevated ICP.
C.Dysphoria from opioids contributes to altered levels of consciousness
with an elevated ICP.
3
, NURSING FUNDAMENTAL NCLEX-PN HESI Comp
A Exam Questions and Answers new update
2022/2023
D.Opioids suppress respirations, which increases Pco2 and contributes to
an elevated ICP.
D
The greatest risk associated with opioids such as morphine (D) is
respiratory depression that causes an increase in Pco2, which increases
ICP and masks the early signs of intracranial bleeding in head injury. (A, B,
and C) do not support the risks associated with opioid use in a client with
increased ICP.
The charge nurse of a medical surgical unit is alerted to an impending
disaster requiring implementation of the hospital's disaster plan. Specific
facts about the nature of this disaster are not yet known. Which instruction
should the charge nurse give to the other staff members at this time?
A.Prepare to evacuate the unit, starting with the
bedridden clients. B.UAPs should report to the emergency
center to handle transports.
C.The licensed staff should begin counting wheelchairs and IV poles on the
unit.
D.Continue with current assignments until more instructions
are received. D
When faced with an impending disaster, hospital personnel may be alerted
but should continue with current client care assignments until further
instructions are received (D). Evacuation is typically a response of last
resort that begins with clients who are most able to ambulate (A). (B) is
premature and is likely to increase the chaos if incoming casualties are
anticipated. (C) is poor utilization of personnel.
4
