NR 324 Adult Health I Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers, 2024/2025, Updated 100% Correct.
gastric lavage
instillation of meds to help neutralize what is in the stomach and withdrawal of stomach contents with
an NG tube, usually done if someone ingested a toxic amount of medication
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
Syndrome with chronic symptom of mucosal damage caused by a reflux of stomach acid into the lower
esophagus
Diagnosed by symptoms
Causes of GERD
obesity
smoking
hiatal hernia
alcohol
chocolate
theobromine
anticholinergics
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers
diazepam
morphine
nitrates
progesterone
theophylline
fatty foods
pepper/spearmint
caffeine
Manifestations of GERD
heartburn (pyrosis)
chest pain mimicking angina
dyspepsia, regurgitation
wheezing
coughing
dyspnea
disturbed sleep
hoarseness
sore throat
globus sensation
,hypersalivation
choking
Complications of GERD
esophagitis
Barrett's esophagus (esophageal metaplasia)
increased risk for esophageal cancer
cough
bronchospasm
laryngospasm
asthma
chronic bronchitis
pneumonia
dental erosion
Teaching for GERD
Elevate HOB 30 degrees (4-6 blocks)
Do not lay supine for 2-3 hours after a meal
Stop smoking, avoid alcohol, and caffeinated beverages
Low-fat diet with small, frequent meals
Don't wear tight clothes around the waist or bend over
Weight loss strategies
Melena
black tarry stool
associated with upper GI bleed
Teach to avoid OTC meds
Patient teaching for gastritis
Maintain non-irritating diet of 6 small meals a day
Increase exercise to reduce stress
Take H2 receptor blockers or proton pump inhibitors
Avoid: alcohol, NSAIDs, stress, aspirin, smoking, milk
What is the priority manifestation of peptic ulcer disease?
Hematemesis - massive internal bleeding, projectile vomiting of blood
Perform focused assessment and assess pt status
What are the signs of peptic ulcer perforation? (SATA)
Sudden, severe generalized upper abdominal pain that quickly spreads through the abdomen with
radiation to back and shoulders
Guarding of the abdomen (board-like, rigid abdomen)
Shallow, rapid respirations
Weak, rapid heart rate
, Bowel sounds usually absent
Possible nausea and vomiting
Nursing management for chronic gastritis
Maintain 6 small nonirritating meals a day to avoid upset
Corticosteroids are associated with peptic ulcers because?
The rate of mucous cell renewal is decreased
What is the rationale for treating acute exacerbation of peptic ulcers with an NG tube?
Remove stimulation of HCl acid and pepsin secretion by keeping stomach empty (continuous aspiration
and gastric decompression)
What are the uses of antacids? (SATA)
Neutralize HCL in the stomach
Provide quick short-lived relief of heartburn
May be given hourly in acute GI bleeding
Which meds decrease gastric or HCI secretion? (SATA)
Famotidine
Omeprazole
Misoprostol
Teaching has been effective for peptic ulcer disease when the pt states what?
"I have learned some relaxation strategies that decrease my stress."
In acute exacerbation of peptic ulcers, what do you do first?
Assess pt VS and abdomen
What are the nursing interventions for enteral feeding?
Enteral feedings usually through an NG or PEG tube
Flush tube with 30 mL of tap water every 4 hours during continuous feedings or before and after each
bolus feeding
Flush tubes between each medication and after all medications are given
If a person is severely immunocompromised, you may have to use sterile water to flush the tube
How much gastric residual volume is too much in enteral feedings?
Close to 200 mL - hold feeding
Depends on facility
What are the different types of formulas for feeding?
Canned or Carton formulas
Must clean the top of cans with alcohol before opening
Correct Answers, 2024/2025, Updated 100% Correct.
gastric lavage
instillation of meds to help neutralize what is in the stomach and withdrawal of stomach contents with
an NG tube, usually done if someone ingested a toxic amount of medication
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
Syndrome with chronic symptom of mucosal damage caused by a reflux of stomach acid into the lower
esophagus
Diagnosed by symptoms
Causes of GERD
obesity
smoking
hiatal hernia
alcohol
chocolate
theobromine
anticholinergics
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers
diazepam
morphine
nitrates
progesterone
theophylline
fatty foods
pepper/spearmint
caffeine
Manifestations of GERD
heartburn (pyrosis)
chest pain mimicking angina
dyspepsia, regurgitation
wheezing
coughing
dyspnea
disturbed sleep
hoarseness
sore throat
globus sensation
,hypersalivation
choking
Complications of GERD
esophagitis
Barrett's esophagus (esophageal metaplasia)
increased risk for esophageal cancer
cough
bronchospasm
laryngospasm
asthma
chronic bronchitis
pneumonia
dental erosion
Teaching for GERD
Elevate HOB 30 degrees (4-6 blocks)
Do not lay supine for 2-3 hours after a meal
Stop smoking, avoid alcohol, and caffeinated beverages
Low-fat diet with small, frequent meals
Don't wear tight clothes around the waist or bend over
Weight loss strategies
Melena
black tarry stool
associated with upper GI bleed
Teach to avoid OTC meds
Patient teaching for gastritis
Maintain non-irritating diet of 6 small meals a day
Increase exercise to reduce stress
Take H2 receptor blockers or proton pump inhibitors
Avoid: alcohol, NSAIDs, stress, aspirin, smoking, milk
What is the priority manifestation of peptic ulcer disease?
Hematemesis - massive internal bleeding, projectile vomiting of blood
Perform focused assessment and assess pt status
What are the signs of peptic ulcer perforation? (SATA)
Sudden, severe generalized upper abdominal pain that quickly spreads through the abdomen with
radiation to back and shoulders
Guarding of the abdomen (board-like, rigid abdomen)
Shallow, rapid respirations
Weak, rapid heart rate
, Bowel sounds usually absent
Possible nausea and vomiting
Nursing management for chronic gastritis
Maintain 6 small nonirritating meals a day to avoid upset
Corticosteroids are associated with peptic ulcers because?
The rate of mucous cell renewal is decreased
What is the rationale for treating acute exacerbation of peptic ulcers with an NG tube?
Remove stimulation of HCl acid and pepsin secretion by keeping stomach empty (continuous aspiration
and gastric decompression)
What are the uses of antacids? (SATA)
Neutralize HCL in the stomach
Provide quick short-lived relief of heartburn
May be given hourly in acute GI bleeding
Which meds decrease gastric or HCI secretion? (SATA)
Famotidine
Omeprazole
Misoprostol
Teaching has been effective for peptic ulcer disease when the pt states what?
"I have learned some relaxation strategies that decrease my stress."
In acute exacerbation of peptic ulcers, what do you do first?
Assess pt VS and abdomen
What are the nursing interventions for enteral feeding?
Enteral feedings usually through an NG or PEG tube
Flush tube with 30 mL of tap water every 4 hours during continuous feedings or before and after each
bolus feeding
Flush tubes between each medication and after all medications are given
If a person is severely immunocompromised, you may have to use sterile water to flush the tube
How much gastric residual volume is too much in enteral feedings?
Close to 200 mL - hold feeding
Depends on facility
What are the different types of formulas for feeding?
Canned or Carton formulas
Must clean the top of cans with alcohol before opening
