BIOD331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 2
Final Exam Review
Q&A
2024
,1. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of benign tumors?
A. Rapid growth
B. Metastasis
C. Encapsulation
D. Poor differentiation
Answer: C. Encapsulation
Rationale: Benign tumors are typically encapsulated, which helps to
distinguish them from malignant tumors. They grow at a slower rate and
do not metastasize.
2. The process by which cancer cells spread to distant sites is known as:
A. Angiogenesis
B. Dysplasia
C. Metastasis
D. Hyperplasia
Answer: C. Metastasis
Rationale: Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from the primary
site to distant organs, which is a defining characteristic of malignant
tumors.
3. Which oncogene is commonly associated with breast cancer?
A. BRCA1
B. MYC
C. RAS
D. HER2
Answer: D. HER2
Rationale: The HER2 oncogene is often overexpressed in breast cancer
and is associated with a more aggressive disease and a poorer prognosis.
4. A patient with a history of smoking is at increased risk for which type
of neoplasia?
A. Leukemia
B. Melanoma
C. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
D. Hepatocellular carcinoma
Answer: C. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, particularly
, squamous cell carcinoma, due to the exposure of lung tissue to
carcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke.
5. What is the role of tumor suppressor genes in the development of
cancer?
A. They promote cell division.
B. They repair DNA damage.
C. They inhibit cell growth.
D. They induce angiogenesis.
Answer: C. They inhibit cell growth.
Rationale: Tumor suppressor genes help regulate cell growth and division.
When these genes are mutated or inactivated, uncontrolled cell growth can
occur, leading to cancer.
6. Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?
A. Apoptosis
B. Senescence
C. Sustained angiogenesis
D. Decreased growth factor signaling
Answer: C. Sustained angiogenesis
Rationale: Sustained angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is
crucial for tumor growth and survival, providing nutrients and oxygen to
the cancer cells.
7. The Philadelphia chromosome is associated with which type of cancer?
A. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
B. Breast cancer
C. Ovarian cancer
D. Pancreatic cancer
Answer: A. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Rationale: The Philadelphia chromosome is a specific genetic abnormality
found in CML, resulting from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and
22.
8. Which term describes the replacement of one differentiated cell type
with another?
A. Anaplasia
B. Metaplasia
Module 2
Final Exam Review
Q&A
2024
,1. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of benign tumors?
A. Rapid growth
B. Metastasis
C. Encapsulation
D. Poor differentiation
Answer: C. Encapsulation
Rationale: Benign tumors are typically encapsulated, which helps to
distinguish them from malignant tumors. They grow at a slower rate and
do not metastasize.
2. The process by which cancer cells spread to distant sites is known as:
A. Angiogenesis
B. Dysplasia
C. Metastasis
D. Hyperplasia
Answer: C. Metastasis
Rationale: Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from the primary
site to distant organs, which is a defining characteristic of malignant
tumors.
3. Which oncogene is commonly associated with breast cancer?
A. BRCA1
B. MYC
C. RAS
D. HER2
Answer: D. HER2
Rationale: The HER2 oncogene is often overexpressed in breast cancer
and is associated with a more aggressive disease and a poorer prognosis.
4. A patient with a history of smoking is at increased risk for which type
of neoplasia?
A. Leukemia
B. Melanoma
C. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
D. Hepatocellular carcinoma
Answer: C. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, particularly
, squamous cell carcinoma, due to the exposure of lung tissue to
carcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke.
5. What is the role of tumor suppressor genes in the development of
cancer?
A. They promote cell division.
B. They repair DNA damage.
C. They inhibit cell growth.
D. They induce angiogenesis.
Answer: C. They inhibit cell growth.
Rationale: Tumor suppressor genes help regulate cell growth and division.
When these genes are mutated or inactivated, uncontrolled cell growth can
occur, leading to cancer.
6. Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?
A. Apoptosis
B. Senescence
C. Sustained angiogenesis
D. Decreased growth factor signaling
Answer: C. Sustained angiogenesis
Rationale: Sustained angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is
crucial for tumor growth and survival, providing nutrients and oxygen to
the cancer cells.
7. The Philadelphia chromosome is associated with which type of cancer?
A. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
B. Breast cancer
C. Ovarian cancer
D. Pancreatic cancer
Answer: A. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Rationale: The Philadelphia chromosome is a specific genetic abnormality
found in CML, resulting from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and
22.
8. Which term describes the replacement of one differentiated cell type
with another?
A. Anaplasia
B. Metaplasia
