BIOD331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 10
Final Exam Review
Q&A
2024
,1. A 50-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of severe lower back
pain. Which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Muscle strain
B. Herniated disc
C. Spinal stenosis
D. Osteoporotic fracture
Answer: B. Herniated disc
Rationale: The sudden onset of severe lower back pain is most indicative
of a herniated disc, especially if the pain radiates to the lower extremities.
2. A patient is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which of the
following laboratory findings would be consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Elevated white blood cell count
B. Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test
C. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
D. Low rheumatoid factor (RF)
Answer: C. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Rationale: An increased ESR is commonly seen in patients with RA as it
indicates inflammation, which is a hallmark of the disease.
3. Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of
osteoarthritis (OA)?
A. Morning stiffness lasting more than one hour
B. Symmetrical joint involvement
C. Heberden's nodes
D. Bamboo spine
Answer: C. Heberden's nodes
Rationale: Heberden's nodes, which are bony enlargements of the distal
interphalangeal joints, are commonly associated with OA.
4. A 60-year-old female with a history of chronic steroid use is at risk for
which musculoskeletal disorder?
A. Gout
B. Osteoporosis
C. Fibromyalgia
D. Ankylosing spondylitis
Answer: B. Osteoporosis
, Rationale: Chronic steroid use is a risk factor for osteoporosis due to its
bone demineralization effect.
5. A patient presents with a swollen, painful joint and is suspected of
having gout. Which of the following is the definitive diagnostic test for
gout?
A. Serum uric acid level
B. Joint X-ray
C. Synovial fluid analysis
D. Complete blood count (CBC)
Answer: C. Synovial fluid analysis
Rationale: The presence of monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid
is definitive for a diagnosis of gout.
6. In assessing a patient with suspected fibromyalgia, which of the
following is a primary clinical criterion?
A. Elevated creatine kinase (CK)
B. Presence of rheumatoid nodules
C. Widespread pain index (WPI) and symptom severity (SS) score
D. Positive HLA-B27 antigen
Answer: C. Widespread pain index (WPI) and symptom severity (SS)
score
Rationale: The WPI and SS score are used to assess and diagnose
fibromyalgia based on the extent of pain and symptom severity.
7. A patient with a known case of ankylosing spondylitis complains of
new-onset visual disturbances. Which of the following complications
should be considered?
A. Retinal detachment
B. Uveitis
C. Glaucoma
D. Cataract
Answer: B. Uveitis
Rationale: Uveitis is a common extra-articular manifestation of
ankylosing spondylitis that can lead to visual disturbances.
8. During a DEXA scan, a T-score of -2.5 or lower indicates:
A. Normal bone density
Module 10
Final Exam Review
Q&A
2024
,1. A 50-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of severe lower back
pain. Which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Muscle strain
B. Herniated disc
C. Spinal stenosis
D. Osteoporotic fracture
Answer: B. Herniated disc
Rationale: The sudden onset of severe lower back pain is most indicative
of a herniated disc, especially if the pain radiates to the lower extremities.
2. A patient is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which of the
following laboratory findings would be consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Elevated white blood cell count
B. Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test
C. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
D. Low rheumatoid factor (RF)
Answer: C. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Rationale: An increased ESR is commonly seen in patients with RA as it
indicates inflammation, which is a hallmark of the disease.
3. Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of
osteoarthritis (OA)?
A. Morning stiffness lasting more than one hour
B. Symmetrical joint involvement
C. Heberden's nodes
D. Bamboo spine
Answer: C. Heberden's nodes
Rationale: Heberden's nodes, which are bony enlargements of the distal
interphalangeal joints, are commonly associated with OA.
4. A 60-year-old female with a history of chronic steroid use is at risk for
which musculoskeletal disorder?
A. Gout
B. Osteoporosis
C. Fibromyalgia
D. Ankylosing spondylitis
Answer: B. Osteoporosis
, Rationale: Chronic steroid use is a risk factor for osteoporosis due to its
bone demineralization effect.
5. A patient presents with a swollen, painful joint and is suspected of
having gout. Which of the following is the definitive diagnostic test for
gout?
A. Serum uric acid level
B. Joint X-ray
C. Synovial fluid analysis
D. Complete blood count (CBC)
Answer: C. Synovial fluid analysis
Rationale: The presence of monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid
is definitive for a diagnosis of gout.
6. In assessing a patient with suspected fibromyalgia, which of the
following is a primary clinical criterion?
A. Elevated creatine kinase (CK)
B. Presence of rheumatoid nodules
C. Widespread pain index (WPI) and symptom severity (SS) score
D. Positive HLA-B27 antigen
Answer: C. Widespread pain index (WPI) and symptom severity (SS)
score
Rationale: The WPI and SS score are used to assess and diagnose
fibromyalgia based on the extent of pain and symptom severity.
7. A patient with a known case of ankylosing spondylitis complains of
new-onset visual disturbances. Which of the following complications
should be considered?
A. Retinal detachment
B. Uveitis
C. Glaucoma
D. Cataract
Answer: B. Uveitis
Rationale: Uveitis is a common extra-articular manifestation of
ankylosing spondylitis that can lead to visual disturbances.
8. During a DEXA scan, a T-score of -2.5 or lower indicates:
A. Normal bone density
