BIOD331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 7
Final Exam Review
Q&A
2024
,1. A 54-year-old male presents with melena, hematemesis, and a history of
alcohol abuse. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Peptic ulcer disease
B. Acute pancreatitis
C. Esophageal varices
D. Gastric cancer
Answer: C. Esophageal varices
Rationale: The presence of melena and hematemesis in a patient with a
history of alcohol abuse suggests esophageal varices due to portal
hypertension.
2. A patient is diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following
dietary changes is most appropriate?
A. Gluten-free diet
B. Low-residue diet
C. High-fiber diet
D. Lactose-free diet
Answer: A. Gluten-free diet
Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where ingestion of
gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.
3. Which laboratory finding is typically observed in a patient with acute
pancreatitis?
A. Decreased amylase
B. Elevated bilirubin
C. Elevated lipase
D. Decreased C-reactive protein
Answer: C. Elevated lipase
Rationale: Elevated serum lipase is more specific to the pancreas and
remains elevated longer than amylase in acute pancreatitis.
1. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing peptic ulcers?
A. Chronic stress
B. Low dietary fiber intake
, C. Smoking
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above.
Rationale: Chronic stress, low dietary fiber intake, and smoking are all
risk factors for developing peptic ulcers due to their effects on gastric
mucosal integrity and acid secretion.
2. Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD)?
A. Dysphagia
B. Heartburn
C. Constipation
D. Bloody stools
Answer: B. Heartburn.
Rationale: Heartburn is a characteristic symptom of GERD, caused by the
regurgitation of gastric acid into the esophagus leading to a burning
sensation in the chest.
3. Which of the following is a common complication of untreated celiac
disease?
A. Pancreatitis
B. Gallstones
C. Osteoporosis
D. Crohn's disease
Answer: C. Osteoporosis.
Rationale: Untreated celiac disease can lead to malabsorption of important
nutrients, such as calcium, and result in osteoporosis due to decreased
bone density.
4. True or False: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by
structural abnormalities in the intestines.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False.
Rationale: IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by
abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits without any
structural abnormalities in the intestines.
Module 7
Final Exam Review
Q&A
2024
,1. A 54-year-old male presents with melena, hematemesis, and a history of
alcohol abuse. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Peptic ulcer disease
B. Acute pancreatitis
C. Esophageal varices
D. Gastric cancer
Answer: C. Esophageal varices
Rationale: The presence of melena and hematemesis in a patient with a
history of alcohol abuse suggests esophageal varices due to portal
hypertension.
2. A patient is diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following
dietary changes is most appropriate?
A. Gluten-free diet
B. Low-residue diet
C. High-fiber diet
D. Lactose-free diet
Answer: A. Gluten-free diet
Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where ingestion of
gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.
3. Which laboratory finding is typically observed in a patient with acute
pancreatitis?
A. Decreased amylase
B. Elevated bilirubin
C. Elevated lipase
D. Decreased C-reactive protein
Answer: C. Elevated lipase
Rationale: Elevated serum lipase is more specific to the pancreas and
remains elevated longer than amylase in acute pancreatitis.
1. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing peptic ulcers?
A. Chronic stress
B. Low dietary fiber intake
, C. Smoking
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above.
Rationale: Chronic stress, low dietary fiber intake, and smoking are all
risk factors for developing peptic ulcers due to their effects on gastric
mucosal integrity and acid secretion.
2. Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD)?
A. Dysphagia
B. Heartburn
C. Constipation
D. Bloody stools
Answer: B. Heartburn.
Rationale: Heartburn is a characteristic symptom of GERD, caused by the
regurgitation of gastric acid into the esophagus leading to a burning
sensation in the chest.
3. Which of the following is a common complication of untreated celiac
disease?
A. Pancreatitis
B. Gallstones
C. Osteoporosis
D. Crohn's disease
Answer: C. Osteoporosis.
Rationale: Untreated celiac disease can lead to malabsorption of important
nutrients, such as calcium, and result in osteoporosis due to decreased
bone density.
4. True or False: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by
structural abnormalities in the intestines.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False.
Rationale: IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by
abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits without any
structural abnormalities in the intestines.
