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1). Frame the problem, solving the problem and communicating results are part of which
decision making model?
Ans: Davenport-Kim three-stage model
2). In which stage of the davenport-kim model is problem recognition?
Ans: Framing the problem
3). In which stage of the davenport-kim model is data collection?
Ans: Solving the problem
4). What is a key reason we study statistics?
Ans: To make informed decisions
5). Visually presenting the data assists in which stage of the davenport-kim model?
Ans: Communicating the results
6). When does research fail to produce reliable results?
Ans: Poor research validity
7). What are the two major issues surrounding research standards?
Ans: Best practices and ethics
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, 8). In order to be a statistically valid sample, the sample must be:
Ans: The appropriate size and random
9). Not selecting a random sample is what type of bias?
Ans: Measurement
10). Not selecting a right sized sample is what type of bias?
Ans: Measurement
11). Research best practices eliminate...
Ans: Bias
12). Outliers create this type of error
Ans: Out-of Range
13). Unpredictable error
Ans: Random Error - No correlation
14). Error may occur from missing data. (example: space not filled in)
Ans: Omission Error - Distorted results
15). This error repeats itself
Ans: Systematic Error - Skewed results
16). Observation points that are distant from other observations.
Ans: Outliers Note: Can be included or excluded in analysis (causes skewness)
17). Types of bias: bias that occurs from not selecting a random sample
Ans: Measurement bias
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, 18). Types of bias: bias introduced because respondents believe it will be beneficial if selected.
Ans: Conscious bias (key word: benefit)
19). Consistent and repeatable data
Ans: Reliable
20). Resulting from accurate measurements
Ans: Valid data
21). If a responder lies on their survey, this creates what type of bias?
Ans: Information
22). Sorting your spreadsheet can expose these errors by moving them to the very top or the
very bottom of the column
Ans: Omission or Out-of-Range
23). An error that will fix itself over time
Ans: Random
24). An error that will not fix itself. you must do something
Ans: Systematic
25). Cleaning and organizing data
Ans: Data Management
26). Are the following variable quantitative or qualitative? personality type, social class, or
communication style
Ans: Qualitative
27). A study used when you a conditions can't be controlled
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