Pre Exam
Identify the parts of the neuron shown in the diagram below
g. Node of Ranvier
h. axon terminal
a. dendrite
List the four parts of the human brain
The human brain is made up of the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum.
List and describe the 3 meninges of the human brain.
The leathery dura mater is the double-layered outer meninx.
The middle arachnoid meninx is a loose layer separated from the dura mater by the subdural space.
The inner pia mater meninx is composed of connective tissue and is tightly attached to the brain.
Using the image below, identify the following six items:
D: Right atrium
Q: Pulmonary semilunar valve
I: Right ventricle
N: Left pulmonary artery
T: Left ventricle
M: Aorta
Answer the following three questions:
List the four major heart chambers.
,Left & right atria, left & right ventricle
The QRS complex represents what?
Ventricular depolarization (systole)
Define Diastole.
the heart is relaxing and filling with blood.
List 3 functions of the female reproductive system.
The female reproductive system has the following functions: eggs and estrogen production as well as
serving as the site for the development of a baby after fertilization of an egg occurs.
Name the three types of ligaments associated with the ovaries and the function of each.
The ovaries are held in place by the suspensory, ovarian, and broad ligaments.
The suspensory ligaments attach the ovaries to the pelvis wall.
The ovarian ligaments attach the ovaries to the uterus.
The broad ligaments hold the ovaries in place in the pelvis.
Match the description with its corresponding structure.
Structure:
Sperm midpiece l. Supplies locomotive energy for sperm
Vas deferens a. Connects seminal vesicle to ejaculatory duct
Bulbourethral gland h. Secretes urine-clearing mucus
Endoderm c. Liver producing layer of blastocyst
Tell whether each of the following describes mitosis or meiosis:
Can occur to cause growth in humans
mitosis
One division cycle
mitosis
Crossing-over occurs
meiosis
Two daughter cells are produced
mitosis
Produces cells which are genetically identical to the parent
mitosis
Each tRNA is attached to its amino acid by :
a. RNA polymerase
b. tRNA synthetase
c. DNA polymerase
d. ribozyme
, Does transcription or translation occur primarily in the nucleus? Transcription
Which requires ribozyme, transcription or translation?
Translation
Amino acids are transferred from one tRNA to another during translation or transcription?
Translation
If a codon reads: AUC, what is the correct anticodon?
UAG
Describe the location of the right kidney and why it lies lower than the left kidney.
The right kidney is located in the lumbar region between the T-12 and L-3 vertebra. It lies lower than the
left kidney because of the liver's location just above it.
What volume of blood per minute flows to the kidney and why is there such a large volume flowing to the
kidney?
About 1200 ml of blood per minute of blood flows into the kidney so that all of the blood can be filtered.
Answer the following:
You are treating a patient in the hospital who was admitted with signs of orthostatic hypotension
(decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, lightheaded) secondary to having severe diarrhea and
dehydration. Which of the following would you expect to be their GFR (glomerular filtration rate) given
their symptoms? Explain your answer.
a. 85 ml/min.
b. 120 ml/min.
c. 142 ml/min
a. 85 ml/min. Dehydration decreases glomerular filtration rate.
Explain, in detail, how the cardiovascular baroceptors work to maintain blood pressure.
The cardiovascular baroceptors monitor and regulate blood volume (which is influenced directly by Na+
ion concentration) to maintain blood pressure. If blood volume (and consequently blood pressure) rises,
the baroceptors signal the kidney causing a dramatic increase in the filtration rate, increasing the output of
water and Na+ which reduces blood volume to quickly normalize the pressure.
Describe what occurs in extreme acidosis and alkalosis.
If acidosis causes the blood pH to drop below 7.0, the central nervous system is markedly depressed
causing coma and imminent death.
If alkalosis causes the blood pH to rise above 7.8, the nervous system is markedly excited causing
extreme nervousness, muscle contraction, convulsion and death usually due to cessation of breathing.
Module 1 Exam
Answer the following questions.
Which nervous system contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
a. Central nervous system
b. Peripheral nervous system
c. Somatic nervous system
d. Autonomic nervous system
Identify the parts of the neuron shown in the diagram below
g. Node of Ranvier
h. axon terminal
a. dendrite
List the four parts of the human brain
The human brain is made up of the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum.
List and describe the 3 meninges of the human brain.
The leathery dura mater is the double-layered outer meninx.
The middle arachnoid meninx is a loose layer separated from the dura mater by the subdural space.
The inner pia mater meninx is composed of connective tissue and is tightly attached to the brain.
Using the image below, identify the following six items:
D: Right atrium
Q: Pulmonary semilunar valve
I: Right ventricle
N: Left pulmonary artery
T: Left ventricle
M: Aorta
Answer the following three questions:
List the four major heart chambers.
,Left & right atria, left & right ventricle
The QRS complex represents what?
Ventricular depolarization (systole)
Define Diastole.
the heart is relaxing and filling with blood.
List 3 functions of the female reproductive system.
The female reproductive system has the following functions: eggs and estrogen production as well as
serving as the site for the development of a baby after fertilization of an egg occurs.
Name the three types of ligaments associated with the ovaries and the function of each.
The ovaries are held in place by the suspensory, ovarian, and broad ligaments.
The suspensory ligaments attach the ovaries to the pelvis wall.
The ovarian ligaments attach the ovaries to the uterus.
The broad ligaments hold the ovaries in place in the pelvis.
Match the description with its corresponding structure.
Structure:
Sperm midpiece l. Supplies locomotive energy for sperm
Vas deferens a. Connects seminal vesicle to ejaculatory duct
Bulbourethral gland h. Secretes urine-clearing mucus
Endoderm c. Liver producing layer of blastocyst
Tell whether each of the following describes mitosis or meiosis:
Can occur to cause growth in humans
mitosis
One division cycle
mitosis
Crossing-over occurs
meiosis
Two daughter cells are produced
mitosis
Produces cells which are genetically identical to the parent
mitosis
Each tRNA is attached to its amino acid by :
a. RNA polymerase
b. tRNA synthetase
c. DNA polymerase
d. ribozyme
, Does transcription or translation occur primarily in the nucleus? Transcription
Which requires ribozyme, transcription or translation?
Translation
Amino acids are transferred from one tRNA to another during translation or transcription?
Translation
If a codon reads: AUC, what is the correct anticodon?
UAG
Describe the location of the right kidney and why it lies lower than the left kidney.
The right kidney is located in the lumbar region between the T-12 and L-3 vertebra. It lies lower than the
left kidney because of the liver's location just above it.
What volume of blood per minute flows to the kidney and why is there such a large volume flowing to the
kidney?
About 1200 ml of blood per minute of blood flows into the kidney so that all of the blood can be filtered.
Answer the following:
You are treating a patient in the hospital who was admitted with signs of orthostatic hypotension
(decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, lightheaded) secondary to having severe diarrhea and
dehydration. Which of the following would you expect to be their GFR (glomerular filtration rate) given
their symptoms? Explain your answer.
a. 85 ml/min.
b. 120 ml/min.
c. 142 ml/min
a. 85 ml/min. Dehydration decreases glomerular filtration rate.
Explain, in detail, how the cardiovascular baroceptors work to maintain blood pressure.
The cardiovascular baroceptors monitor and regulate blood volume (which is influenced directly by Na+
ion concentration) to maintain blood pressure. If blood volume (and consequently blood pressure) rises,
the baroceptors signal the kidney causing a dramatic increase in the filtration rate, increasing the output of
water and Na+ which reduces blood volume to quickly normalize the pressure.
Describe what occurs in extreme acidosis and alkalosis.
If acidosis causes the blood pH to drop below 7.0, the central nervous system is markedly depressed
causing coma and imminent death.
If alkalosis causes the blood pH to rise above 7.8, the nervous system is markedly excited causing
extreme nervousness, muscle contraction, convulsion and death usually due to cessation of breathing.
Module 1 Exam
Answer the following questions.
Which nervous system contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
a. Central nervous system
b. Peripheral nervous system
c. Somatic nervous system
d. Autonomic nervous system
