ABA EXAM 2024 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What is Autism?
A developmental disorder diagnosed before the age of 3 characterized by the inability to
from normal social relationships, repetitive behavior patters and the inability to
communicate with others
Diagnostic criteria for Autism according to the DSM-IV
Social Interactions (must meet 2), Communication (must meet 1), Restrictive repetitive
and stereotypical behavior patterns (must meet 1)
What is ABA?
The application of "Principles of Behavior" to issues that are socially important, in order
to produce practical change
What is the Core Principle of ABA?
The consequences that follow a behavior control whether that behavior will increase or
decrease.
What is the behavioral (3-term) contingency?
Antecedent-Prior to behavior
Behavior-What child says or does
Consequence-After behavior
Why is consistency important?
Consistency is crucial in order to see a significant change in behavior
What is a Discrete Trial?
Has a definite beginning and end. Is not synonymous with ABA and has three
components Antecedent, Response, and Consequence.
-Two types of the antecedent within DTT are the Establishing Operations(EO) and
Discriminative Stimulus(SD)
Why do we use DTT?
-A high number of DTs can be presented in a therapy session
-Lets the child know they're expected to response
-Lets the child know if their response is correct
-Assists the therapist in maintaining consistency
-Easy to take data and assess progress
What are the appropriate techniques for presenting SDs?
1) Be sure to gain childs attention
2) Avoid presenting the childs name with the SD
3) Avoid presenting SDs without giving consequence
4) Change the target SD ONLY when instructed by, by supervisor
5) Initially should be clear and concise
6) The child should respond only after the SDs presented
What is the Response(R)?
The specific instance of the particular behavior, which also consists of 3 categories,
correct, incorrect and no response
3 Categories of Responses
1) Correct-When the child responds to a particular with the target response
2) Incorrect-Response that is different from the target response
3) No Response- No reaction at all
, What are the guidelines for responses?
-Therapist must be consistent about what is a "correct response"
-Be sure extraneous behavior is absent
-Limit the time between the SD and Response to no more than 3 seconds
What is Reinforcement?
The procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that increases or maintains the
strength of that behavior.
Guidelines for delivering reinforces?
-Limit free access to potential reinforces and instead deliver reinforces contingent upon
target behavior
-Conduct preferred assessments frequently
-Deliver the reinforcer within one-half second of the target response
-Reinforcers used should be easy to present and removed
-Establish conditioned reinforcers
-Provide frequent reinforcement for appropriate behavior throughout the session or day
-Needs to be easy to give and easy to be taken away
What is Schedule of Reinforcement?
Establishes the probability that a specific behavior will produce reinforcement
Two Basic schedules of reinforcement
Continuous reinforcement-Every occurrence
Intermittent Reinforcement-Some occurrences of behavior but not all
What is Error Correction?
Error correction procedures typically include a prompt and may include an
"informational" no
How long should the Inter-Trial Interval be?
Long enough to ensure that each trial is distinct, but not so long that you loose the
child's attention, no longer then 2 seconds
What are the types of prompt fading terms?
-Physical prompt
-Model-The therapist teaches and child mimics
-Echoic-therapist says the target response word for word
-Direct prompt-Therapist tells the child what to do/demand
-Textual prompt-written target response
-Gestural prompt-involves pointing, tapping to get target response
-Proximity prompt-position
-Voice Inflection prompt-raising or lowering voice to indicate target response
-Stimulus manipulation-making changes to take material to get correct response
What are prompts and prompt fading?
A stimulus that is presented in addition to the target SD that evokes the target, or
correct response
What is prompt fading? and how to fade?
A stimulus that is temporarily required to evoke the target response
Prompt fading terms=Full prompt-The use of entire prompt
Partial prompt-Limited use of the prompt
What is Discrimination Training?
What is Autism?
A developmental disorder diagnosed before the age of 3 characterized by the inability to
from normal social relationships, repetitive behavior patters and the inability to
communicate with others
Diagnostic criteria for Autism according to the DSM-IV
Social Interactions (must meet 2), Communication (must meet 1), Restrictive repetitive
and stereotypical behavior patterns (must meet 1)
What is ABA?
The application of "Principles of Behavior" to issues that are socially important, in order
to produce practical change
What is the Core Principle of ABA?
The consequences that follow a behavior control whether that behavior will increase or
decrease.
What is the behavioral (3-term) contingency?
Antecedent-Prior to behavior
Behavior-What child says or does
Consequence-After behavior
Why is consistency important?
Consistency is crucial in order to see a significant change in behavior
What is a Discrete Trial?
Has a definite beginning and end. Is not synonymous with ABA and has three
components Antecedent, Response, and Consequence.
-Two types of the antecedent within DTT are the Establishing Operations(EO) and
Discriminative Stimulus(SD)
Why do we use DTT?
-A high number of DTs can be presented in a therapy session
-Lets the child know they're expected to response
-Lets the child know if their response is correct
-Assists the therapist in maintaining consistency
-Easy to take data and assess progress
What are the appropriate techniques for presenting SDs?
1) Be sure to gain childs attention
2) Avoid presenting the childs name with the SD
3) Avoid presenting SDs without giving consequence
4) Change the target SD ONLY when instructed by, by supervisor
5) Initially should be clear and concise
6) The child should respond only after the SDs presented
What is the Response(R)?
The specific instance of the particular behavior, which also consists of 3 categories,
correct, incorrect and no response
3 Categories of Responses
1) Correct-When the child responds to a particular with the target response
2) Incorrect-Response that is different from the target response
3) No Response- No reaction at all
, What are the guidelines for responses?
-Therapist must be consistent about what is a "correct response"
-Be sure extraneous behavior is absent
-Limit the time between the SD and Response to no more than 3 seconds
What is Reinforcement?
The procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that increases or maintains the
strength of that behavior.
Guidelines for delivering reinforces?
-Limit free access to potential reinforces and instead deliver reinforces contingent upon
target behavior
-Conduct preferred assessments frequently
-Deliver the reinforcer within one-half second of the target response
-Reinforcers used should be easy to present and removed
-Establish conditioned reinforcers
-Provide frequent reinforcement for appropriate behavior throughout the session or day
-Needs to be easy to give and easy to be taken away
What is Schedule of Reinforcement?
Establishes the probability that a specific behavior will produce reinforcement
Two Basic schedules of reinforcement
Continuous reinforcement-Every occurrence
Intermittent Reinforcement-Some occurrences of behavior but not all
What is Error Correction?
Error correction procedures typically include a prompt and may include an
"informational" no
How long should the Inter-Trial Interval be?
Long enough to ensure that each trial is distinct, but not so long that you loose the
child's attention, no longer then 2 seconds
What are the types of prompt fading terms?
-Physical prompt
-Model-The therapist teaches and child mimics
-Echoic-therapist says the target response word for word
-Direct prompt-Therapist tells the child what to do/demand
-Textual prompt-written target response
-Gestural prompt-involves pointing, tapping to get target response
-Proximity prompt-position
-Voice Inflection prompt-raising or lowering voice to indicate target response
-Stimulus manipulation-making changes to take material to get correct response
What are prompts and prompt fading?
A stimulus that is presented in addition to the target SD that evokes the target, or
correct response
What is prompt fading? and how to fade?
A stimulus that is temporarily required to evoke the target response
Prompt fading terms=Full prompt-The use of entire prompt
Partial prompt-Limited use of the prompt
What is Discrimination Training?
