Chapter 1 Understanding A&P Gale Slone Thompson GRADE A+ SOLUTIONS

Define anatomy and physiology Anatomy - the structure of the human body Physiology how the body functions Define pathophysiology The study of the process that disturbs normal function of the body (diseased functioning) Atoms link together to form what? Molecules Molecules are organized into various structures which include what? Organelles Organelles are the metabolic units within a cell that perform a specific function necessary to the life of the cell. organelles are contained within what? Cells Cells are the smallest living unit that make up the body structure. Cells group together to form what? Tissues Tissues are specialized group of cells with similar structure and function. Tissues come together to form what. Organs It depends on the organ but they are structures of two or more tissue types working together to carry out a particular function Organs then form what? Organ systems Organ systems are a group of organs that contribute to a particular function. All of the organ systems together form..... A human organism: one complete individual. Integumentary system Consists of skin hair and nails Key functions: protection temperature regulation water retention sensation Page 5 organ systems Skeletal system Consist of bones, cartilage, and ligaments, Key function; protection of body organs support movement blood formation Page 5 organ systems Muscular system Consist primarily of skeletal muscles Key Functions; movement Posture Heat production Page 5 organ systems Lymphatic system Consist of lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph, thymus, spleen, and tonsils key functions: role in fluid balance production of immune cells defense against disease Page 5 organ systems Respiratory system Consist of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs key functions; absorption of oxygen discharge of carbon dioxide acid-base balance speech Page 5 organ systems Urinary system Consist of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra key functions: excretion of waste regulation of blood volume and pressure control of fluid electrolyte, and acid-base balance Page 5 organ system Nervous system Consists of the brain and spinal cord nerves and sense organs Key functions: control regulation and coordination of other systems sensation memory Page 6 organ systems Endocrine system Consist of the pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids and other organs Key functions: hormone production control and regulation of other systems Page 6 organ systems Circulatory system Consist of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries key functions: distribution of -- oxygen and nutrients and waste, hormones, electrolytes immune cells and anti-bodies fluid electrolyte and acid-base balance Page 6 organ systems Digestive system Consists of the stomach, small and large intestine, esophagus, liver, mouth, and pancreas Key functions CONTINUED.....