NR 325 Exam 1 2023 E
what is tuberculosis? –
CORRECT ANSWERS A respiratory infection, person who encounters M
Tuberculosis can develop active TB. airborne precautions. Once in the lungs, it
likes to be in high o2 flow area so likes to get to and live in the base of the lungs.
Forms a "lesion" or "turbucle". Once that happens, it goes to the apex. Once the
turbucle forms, fibrotic tissue, scar tissue grows around it eventually long term.
who typically gets TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS Immunocompromised individuals
homeless
immigrants
inmates
overcrowding situations (migrant farm workers for example)
malnourished individuals
how is TB spread? - CORRECT ANSWERS airborne droplets
what are clinical manifestations of TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS night sweats, weight
loss, cough, fever, SOB, anorexia/wasting, fatigue
-cough may start off as dry and progress to moist, productive cough + bring up blood-
tinged sputum
-sometimes w the cough, patients report chest pain. This chest pain is often muscular
how do we confirm someone has TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS sputum c+s to
confirm acid-fast bacilli
how do we treat TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS Very long, complex drug treatment
that can last for months. RIPE cocktail of antibiotics; rifampin, INH, ethambutol,
pyrazinamide
what labs do we monitor for patients with TB while they are being treated? - CORRECT
ANSWERS BUN, creatinine, ALT/AST
what is included in nursing management for a patient with TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS
-med adherence
-promoting airway clearance
-ambulation in their room
-encourage fluids + promote nutrition
-2L of O2 NC (anything greater, need order for)
-raise HOB
-minimize risk for infection
, what is meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS potentially fatal infection caused by
inflammation of the meningeal layers. These are layers that surround and protect
the brain and spinal cord
what are the different types of meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS bacterial and
viral
what type of meningitis is considered septic? - CORRECT ANSWERS bacterial
what are the types of bacteria that can cause bacterial meningitis? - CORRECT
ANSWERS N meningitis + streptococcus pneumoniae
what type of meningitis is considered aseptic? - CORRECT ANSWERS viral
who is susceptible for viral meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS
immunocompromised patients, patients who are in remission from cancer
who is susceptible for bacterial meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS college students
(living in dorms +close quarters), things causing direct portal of entry to
meninges such as spinal injury
how do we test for meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS spinal tap; perform a
lumbar puncture to perform this spinal tap and get CSF sample to send to lab for
c+s
what are the clinical manifestations of meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS -fever
-stiff neck/pain w flexion
-photophobia
-positive Brudzinski's and Kernig's sign
-change in LOC +mental status
-increased WBCs
-Rash, purpura
-seizures
what diagnosis would demonstrate +Brudzinski's and +Kernig's sign? - CORRECT
ANSWERS meningitis
what is the treatment for meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS -antibiotics: penicillin
G or cephalosporins (broad to start, narrow once C+S obtained)
-steroids for inflammation
-phenytoin to help prevent seizures
acetaminophen/ibuprofen
what type of antibiotics are specifically used for meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS
penicillin G or cephalosporins
what is tuberculosis? –
CORRECT ANSWERS A respiratory infection, person who encounters M
Tuberculosis can develop active TB. airborne precautions. Once in the lungs, it
likes to be in high o2 flow area so likes to get to and live in the base of the lungs.
Forms a "lesion" or "turbucle". Once that happens, it goes to the apex. Once the
turbucle forms, fibrotic tissue, scar tissue grows around it eventually long term.
who typically gets TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS Immunocompromised individuals
homeless
immigrants
inmates
overcrowding situations (migrant farm workers for example)
malnourished individuals
how is TB spread? - CORRECT ANSWERS airborne droplets
what are clinical manifestations of TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS night sweats, weight
loss, cough, fever, SOB, anorexia/wasting, fatigue
-cough may start off as dry and progress to moist, productive cough + bring up blood-
tinged sputum
-sometimes w the cough, patients report chest pain. This chest pain is often muscular
how do we confirm someone has TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS sputum c+s to
confirm acid-fast bacilli
how do we treat TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS Very long, complex drug treatment
that can last for months. RIPE cocktail of antibiotics; rifampin, INH, ethambutol,
pyrazinamide
what labs do we monitor for patients with TB while they are being treated? - CORRECT
ANSWERS BUN, creatinine, ALT/AST
what is included in nursing management for a patient with TB? - CORRECT ANSWERS
-med adherence
-promoting airway clearance
-ambulation in their room
-encourage fluids + promote nutrition
-2L of O2 NC (anything greater, need order for)
-raise HOB
-minimize risk for infection
, what is meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS potentially fatal infection caused by
inflammation of the meningeal layers. These are layers that surround and protect
the brain and spinal cord
what are the different types of meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS bacterial and
viral
what type of meningitis is considered septic? - CORRECT ANSWERS bacterial
what are the types of bacteria that can cause bacterial meningitis? - CORRECT
ANSWERS N meningitis + streptococcus pneumoniae
what type of meningitis is considered aseptic? - CORRECT ANSWERS viral
who is susceptible for viral meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS
immunocompromised patients, patients who are in remission from cancer
who is susceptible for bacterial meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS college students
(living in dorms +close quarters), things causing direct portal of entry to
meninges such as spinal injury
how do we test for meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS spinal tap; perform a
lumbar puncture to perform this spinal tap and get CSF sample to send to lab for
c+s
what are the clinical manifestations of meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS -fever
-stiff neck/pain w flexion
-photophobia
-positive Brudzinski's and Kernig's sign
-change in LOC +mental status
-increased WBCs
-Rash, purpura
-seizures
what diagnosis would demonstrate +Brudzinski's and +Kernig's sign? - CORRECT
ANSWERS meningitis
what is the treatment for meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS -antibiotics: penicillin
G or cephalosporins (broad to start, narrow once C+S obtained)
-steroids for inflammation
-phenytoin to help prevent seizures
acetaminophen/ibuprofen
what type of antibiotics are specifically used for meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS
penicillin G or cephalosporins
