Anatomy (appendicular skeleton)
• Bones of the Upper Limb : shoulder girdle, and those of the arm, the forearm, and the
hand.
• Bones of the Shoulder Girdle : clavicle and the scapula, which articulate with one
another at the acromioclavicular joint.
-clavicle : long, slender bone that lies horizontally ligaments, the rounded capitulum for
articulation with the across the root of the neck.
It’s articulation :
1- with the sternum and first costal cartilage medially
2- with the acromion process of the scapula laterally
-It’s function :
1- holds the arm away from the trunk.
2- transmits forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
3- provides attachment for muscles.
• The clavicle is subcutaneous throughout it’s length, it’s medial two thirds are convex
forward and it’s lateral third is concave forward.
, -Scapula : a flat triangular bone that lies on the posterior thoracic wall between the
second and the seventh ribs.
Posterior surface : the spine of the scapula projects backward.
The lateral end of the spine is free and forms the acromion, which articulate with the
clavicle.
• The superolateral angel of the scapula forms the pear-shaped (glenoid cavity or fossa),
which articulates with the head of the humerus at the shoulder joint.
• The coracoid process projects upward and forward above the glenoid cavity and
provides attachment for muscles and ligaments. Medial to the base of the coracoid
process is the Suprascapular notch.
• Is divided by the spine into the supraspinous fossa above and an infraspinous fossa
below.
Anterior surface : is concave and forms the shallow subscapular fossa.
The inferior angle : can be palpated easily in the living subject and marks the level of the
seventh rib and the spine of the seventh thoracic vertebra.
• Bones of the Upper Limb : shoulder girdle, and those of the arm, the forearm, and the
hand.
• Bones of the Shoulder Girdle : clavicle and the scapula, which articulate with one
another at the acromioclavicular joint.
-clavicle : long, slender bone that lies horizontally ligaments, the rounded capitulum for
articulation with the across the root of the neck.
It’s articulation :
1- with the sternum and first costal cartilage medially
2- with the acromion process of the scapula laterally
-It’s function :
1- holds the arm away from the trunk.
2- transmits forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
3- provides attachment for muscles.
• The clavicle is subcutaneous throughout it’s length, it’s medial two thirds are convex
forward and it’s lateral third is concave forward.
, -Scapula : a flat triangular bone that lies on the posterior thoracic wall between the
second and the seventh ribs.
Posterior surface : the spine of the scapula projects backward.
The lateral end of the spine is free and forms the acromion, which articulate with the
clavicle.
• The superolateral angel of the scapula forms the pear-shaped (glenoid cavity or fossa),
which articulates with the head of the humerus at the shoulder joint.
• The coracoid process projects upward and forward above the glenoid cavity and
provides attachment for muscles and ligaments. Medial to the base of the coracoid
process is the Suprascapular notch.
• Is divided by the spine into the supraspinous fossa above and an infraspinous fossa
below.
Anterior surface : is concave and forms the shallow subscapular fossa.
The inferior angle : can be palpated easily in the living subject and marks the level of the
seventh rib and the spine of the seventh thoracic vertebra.
