VTNE Exam Bonus Questions
Which hormone initiates the estrous cycle?
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
A five-day-old 85-kg calf presents for diarrhea. Physical exam reveals sunken eyes, weak pulses, and
extremely prolonged skin turgor. The mucous membranes are pale pink and dry with a capillary refill
time of 3-4 seconds. Parameter Value Normal Temperature 98.6°F (37.0°C) 100.0-102.5°F (37.8-
39.2°C) Heart rate 180 bpm 200-140 bpm. Breathing rate 56 brpm 30-60 brpm. What is the estimated
percent dehydration?
10%
What is a nosocomial infection?
An infection acquired in a hospital
Which of the following animals do not display polychromasia and reticulocytosis with regenerative
anemia?
The horse
A four-year-old bichon frise is presented for a recheck exam after treatment for a Staphylococcal skin
infection.
In the medical record the doctor noted that the current problem is iatrogenic.
What is an iatrogenic problem?
Condition caused by diagnostics or therapy
Which drug can reverse the effects of xylazine (an alpha2-adrenergic agonist)?
Yohimbine
What is an intussusception?
A segment of intestine invaginates into the lumen of an adjacent segment of intestine
For inhalant anesthetics, what does the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) measure?
Measure of anesthetic potency
Which of the following choices correctly names the types of leukocytes found in this image of a blood
smear from a horse?
Lymphocytes
A five-year-old Golden Retriever bitch is presented two weeks post-partum with a litter of ten puppies
that are strong and growing. The owner noted that the bitch has been weak and trembling since that
morning.
As you are examining her, she begins to have tonic convulsions (involuntary contractions of voluntary
muscles).
What bloodwork will the veterinarian most likely request prior to treatment?
, Calcium
What is the correct description for the buccal side of a tooth?
Faces the cheek
What does it indicate if a mare in labor has sweat around her shoulders?
Foaling within 30 minutes
Which anesthetic breathing system has the lowest fresh gas flow rate during maintenance of
anesthesia?
Closed system
What color do gram-negative bacteria appear on a gram-stained microscopic slide?
Red
What kind of problem may result in cellular casts containing white blood cells in the urine sediment of
a dog?
Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
What lab result would you expect in a cat with diabetes mellitus?
Increased urine glucose, increased blood glucose
What is the normal percentage of reticulocytes in equine blood?
0%
What is the minimum percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa for a male dog to be
considered fertile for breeding purposes?
80%
A silicone gastrostomy tube can typically be used for what period of time?
8-12 months
The surgeon performed a surgical repair on a patent ductus arteriosus via thoracotomy in a four-
month old Labrador puppy.
In recovery, you find the puppy crying and whining in his cage. His breaths are short and fast. He tries
to get away, cowers in the corner, and cries louder when you try to comfort him.
Which of the following is the best explanation of this scenario?
This puppy is painful, pain management is inadequate
When a dog's pupil looks like this (constricted), what is this finding called?
Miosis
Which hormone initiates the estrous cycle?
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
A five-day-old 85-kg calf presents for diarrhea. Physical exam reveals sunken eyes, weak pulses, and
extremely prolonged skin turgor. The mucous membranes are pale pink and dry with a capillary refill
time of 3-4 seconds. Parameter Value Normal Temperature 98.6°F (37.0°C) 100.0-102.5°F (37.8-
39.2°C) Heart rate 180 bpm 200-140 bpm. Breathing rate 56 brpm 30-60 brpm. What is the estimated
percent dehydration?
10%
What is a nosocomial infection?
An infection acquired in a hospital
Which of the following animals do not display polychromasia and reticulocytosis with regenerative
anemia?
The horse
A four-year-old bichon frise is presented for a recheck exam after treatment for a Staphylococcal skin
infection.
In the medical record the doctor noted that the current problem is iatrogenic.
What is an iatrogenic problem?
Condition caused by diagnostics or therapy
Which drug can reverse the effects of xylazine (an alpha2-adrenergic agonist)?
Yohimbine
What is an intussusception?
A segment of intestine invaginates into the lumen of an adjacent segment of intestine
For inhalant anesthetics, what does the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) measure?
Measure of anesthetic potency
Which of the following choices correctly names the types of leukocytes found in this image of a blood
smear from a horse?
Lymphocytes
A five-year-old Golden Retriever bitch is presented two weeks post-partum with a litter of ten puppies
that are strong and growing. The owner noted that the bitch has been weak and trembling since that
morning.
As you are examining her, she begins to have tonic convulsions (involuntary contractions of voluntary
muscles).
What bloodwork will the veterinarian most likely request prior to treatment?
, Calcium
What is the correct description for the buccal side of a tooth?
Faces the cheek
What does it indicate if a mare in labor has sweat around her shoulders?
Foaling within 30 minutes
Which anesthetic breathing system has the lowest fresh gas flow rate during maintenance of
anesthesia?
Closed system
What color do gram-negative bacteria appear on a gram-stained microscopic slide?
Red
What kind of problem may result in cellular casts containing white blood cells in the urine sediment of
a dog?
Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
What lab result would you expect in a cat with diabetes mellitus?
Increased urine glucose, increased blood glucose
What is the normal percentage of reticulocytes in equine blood?
0%
What is the minimum percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa for a male dog to be
considered fertile for breeding purposes?
80%
A silicone gastrostomy tube can typically be used for what period of time?
8-12 months
The surgeon performed a surgical repair on a patent ductus arteriosus via thoracotomy in a four-
month old Labrador puppy.
In recovery, you find the puppy crying and whining in his cage. His breaths are short and fast. He tries
to get away, cowers in the corner, and cries louder when you try to comfort him.
Which of the following is the best explanation of this scenario?
This puppy is painful, pain management is inadequate
When a dog's pupil looks like this (constricted), what is this finding called?
Miosis
