Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1 2024/
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED /
VERIFIED
1). Apoptosis
Ans: A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
2). Necrosis
Ans: Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria
dysfunction
3). What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and heart)
Ans: hypoxia
4). What is the #1 cause of hypoxia?
Ans: ischemia
5). Main component of a cell
Ans: nucleus
6). What does the nucleus contain?
Ans: nucleolus
7). What is the nucleolus composed of?
Ans: RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
8). Why are histone important?
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, Ans: histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is
essential for cell division
9). What are ribosomes?
Ans: RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear
pore complexes (NPCs)
10). Where can ribosomes be found?
Ans: cytoplasm and rough ER
11). What are ribosomes chief function?
Ans: provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
12). What is the golgi apparatus (complex)?
Ans: a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near
the nucleus of the cell
13). What does the golgi apparatus do?
Ans: takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-
bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
14). What are lysosomes and what do they do?
Ans: maintain cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal of
useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
15). How does aging affect lysosomes?
Ans: leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative
capacity of organs and tissue
16). What functions do lysosomal components integrate?
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, Ans: nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate them into
instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either proliferation or inactivity
17). What is mitochondria responsible for?
Ans: cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy production
18). What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain?
Ans: enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of oxidative
phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
19). The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what two things (2),
and metabolizes what three things (3)?
Ans: 1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
20). What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic dearangements?
Ans: carbs, proteins, and lipids
21). What is physiologic atrophy?
Ans: occurs in early development. ex: thymus glad during childhood
22). What is pathologic atrophy?
Ans: occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use, pressure, blood supply,
nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal
stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
23). What is hypertrophy?
Ans: increase in cell size
24). Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy?
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QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED /
VERIFIED
1). Apoptosis
Ans: A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
2). Necrosis
Ans: Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria
dysfunction
3). What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and heart)
Ans: hypoxia
4). What is the #1 cause of hypoxia?
Ans: ischemia
5). Main component of a cell
Ans: nucleus
6). What does the nucleus contain?
Ans: nucleolus
7). What is the nucleolus composed of?
Ans: RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
8). Why are histone important?
PaperStoc.com Page 1 of 21
, Ans: histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is
essential for cell division
9). What are ribosomes?
Ans: RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear
pore complexes (NPCs)
10). Where can ribosomes be found?
Ans: cytoplasm and rough ER
11). What are ribosomes chief function?
Ans: provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
12). What is the golgi apparatus (complex)?
Ans: a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near
the nucleus of the cell
13). What does the golgi apparatus do?
Ans: takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-
bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
14). What are lysosomes and what do they do?
Ans: maintain cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal of
useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
15). How does aging affect lysosomes?
Ans: leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative
capacity of organs and tissue
16). What functions do lysosomal components integrate?
PaperStoc.com Page 2 of 21
, Ans: nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate them into
instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either proliferation or inactivity
17). What is mitochondria responsible for?
Ans: cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy production
18). What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain?
Ans: enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of oxidative
phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
19). The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what two things (2),
and metabolizes what three things (3)?
Ans: 1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
20). What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic dearangements?
Ans: carbs, proteins, and lipids
21). What is physiologic atrophy?
Ans: occurs in early development. ex: thymus glad during childhood
22). What is pathologic atrophy?
Ans: occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use, pressure, blood supply,
nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal
stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
23). What is hypertrophy?
Ans: increase in cell size
24). Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy?
PaperStoc.com Page 3 of 21
