ABFAS - TRAUMA SECTION EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH A 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Achilles tendon rupture is likely to occur in this position - ✔✔Sprinters
Gastroc-soleal complex is enervated by: - ✔✔Tibial nerve (S1 - S2)
Runs between the gastrocnemius and soleus. Assists in plantarfexion of
the foot and flexion of the knee - ✔✔Plantaris
Nerve enervation of the plantaris - ✔✔L4, L5, S1
The narrowest part of the achilles tendon - ✔✔4cm proximal to its insertion
An Achilles tendon rupture is likely to occur at what anatomical location? -
✔✔2-6cm proximal to attachment (watershed area) of the left lower
extremity (due to handedness: Right handed individuals more commonly
push off with the left foot).
Name the Test: squeezing of the calf muscle does not result in plantar
flexion of the foot - ✔✔Thompson Test
Name the Test: A 25 gauge needle is inserted at a right angle to the leg
through the skin of the calf muscle just medial to midline. This should be
performed 10 cm proximal to the calcaneal insertion of the Achilles tendon.
Motion of the hub of the needle in a direction opposite that of the tendon
during passive dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot confirms an intact
tendon distal to the level of needle insertion. - ✔✔O'Brien Test
The parameters of Kager's triangle are. . . - ✔✔Anterior border: FHL,
Posterior border: Achilles Tendon, Inferior Border: Superior cortex of the
calcaneus
What classification is used for achilles tendon ruptures? - ✔✔Kuwada (1:
partial tear 2: complete tear up to 3, 3: 3-6cm tear, 4: greater than 6cm tear
Case: 34 year old male presents with left 2cm Achilles tendon rupture
confirmed on MRI. No other comorbidities. What is the best treatment of
choice? - ✔✔End-to-end anastomosis
Case: 36 year old female presents with 7cm Achilles tendon rupture
occurring just yesterday while skiing. She states that she had been on
levofloxacin for 2 weeks for abscess in her left thigh. She has no other
significant past medical history. What is the best treatment of choice? -
✔✔1. Gastroc recession, 2. Turn down with tendon graft and or synthetic
graft.
Case: a 42 year old male presents with an Achilles tendon rupture to the
left lower extremity occurring while running a marathon the previous day.
, He denies taking any medications and has no significant / contributory past
medical history. MRI reveals a 4cm complete rupture of the left Achilles
tendon. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment of choice.
- ✔✔Following surgical debridement of the tendon ends to healthy tissue.
Recommended treatment: Tendon graft flap, +/- a synthetic graft augment.
Additionally a V-Y advancement, a Bosworth turndown, tendon transfer, or
a combination of these may also be used for type 3 injuries.
Which component of the deltoid ligament blends with the spring ligament? -
✔✔Tibiocalcaneal
Which component of the deltoid ligament is deep to the others? -
✔✔Anterior tibiotalar
What two tendons pass over the Deltoid ligament? - ✔✔FDL and Tibialis
posterior
What is the strongest of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle? -
✔✔Posterior talofibular ligament
Which of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle are extrasynovial but
intracapsular? - ✔✔Posterior talofibular ligament
Which of the extracapsular lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle are just
deep to the peroneal tendons? - ✔✔CFL
Which is the shortest lateral collateral ligament of the ankle? - ✔✔ATFL
A surgeon is inverting the foot with the ankle in a dorsiflexed position. The
surgeon is preparing to do a modified brostrum. Which ligament are they
specifically assessing? - ✔✔CFL
The proximal tibiofibular joint is best described as what type of joint? -
✔✔plain synovial joint
A patient presents to the office complaining that they "rolled their ankle". X-
rays reveal soft tissue inflammation. If the patient were to have,
hypothetically, inverted their foot while the foot was in neutral position
(neither dorsiflexed nor plantarflexed) on the sidewalk, which ligament
would be at stake? - ✔✔CFL
What degree of talar tilt with reference to the contralateral side requires
surgical correction? - ✔✔10 degrees
All of the following lateral ankle stabilizing procedures address one
ligament except. . .
A. Lee and Evans
B. Watson Jones
C. Nilson
WITH A 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Achilles tendon rupture is likely to occur in this position - ✔✔Sprinters
Gastroc-soleal complex is enervated by: - ✔✔Tibial nerve (S1 - S2)
Runs between the gastrocnemius and soleus. Assists in plantarfexion of
the foot and flexion of the knee - ✔✔Plantaris
Nerve enervation of the plantaris - ✔✔L4, L5, S1
The narrowest part of the achilles tendon - ✔✔4cm proximal to its insertion
An Achilles tendon rupture is likely to occur at what anatomical location? -
✔✔2-6cm proximal to attachment (watershed area) of the left lower
extremity (due to handedness: Right handed individuals more commonly
push off with the left foot).
Name the Test: squeezing of the calf muscle does not result in plantar
flexion of the foot - ✔✔Thompson Test
Name the Test: A 25 gauge needle is inserted at a right angle to the leg
through the skin of the calf muscle just medial to midline. This should be
performed 10 cm proximal to the calcaneal insertion of the Achilles tendon.
Motion of the hub of the needle in a direction opposite that of the tendon
during passive dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot confirms an intact
tendon distal to the level of needle insertion. - ✔✔O'Brien Test
The parameters of Kager's triangle are. . . - ✔✔Anterior border: FHL,
Posterior border: Achilles Tendon, Inferior Border: Superior cortex of the
calcaneus
What classification is used for achilles tendon ruptures? - ✔✔Kuwada (1:
partial tear 2: complete tear up to 3, 3: 3-6cm tear, 4: greater than 6cm tear
Case: 34 year old male presents with left 2cm Achilles tendon rupture
confirmed on MRI. No other comorbidities. What is the best treatment of
choice? - ✔✔End-to-end anastomosis
Case: 36 year old female presents with 7cm Achilles tendon rupture
occurring just yesterday while skiing. She states that she had been on
levofloxacin for 2 weeks for abscess in her left thigh. She has no other
significant past medical history. What is the best treatment of choice? -
✔✔1. Gastroc recession, 2. Turn down with tendon graft and or synthetic
graft.
Case: a 42 year old male presents with an Achilles tendon rupture to the
left lower extremity occurring while running a marathon the previous day.
, He denies taking any medications and has no significant / contributory past
medical history. MRI reveals a 4cm complete rupture of the left Achilles
tendon. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment of choice.
- ✔✔Following surgical debridement of the tendon ends to healthy tissue.
Recommended treatment: Tendon graft flap, +/- a synthetic graft augment.
Additionally a V-Y advancement, a Bosworth turndown, tendon transfer, or
a combination of these may also be used for type 3 injuries.
Which component of the deltoid ligament blends with the spring ligament? -
✔✔Tibiocalcaneal
Which component of the deltoid ligament is deep to the others? -
✔✔Anterior tibiotalar
What two tendons pass over the Deltoid ligament? - ✔✔FDL and Tibialis
posterior
What is the strongest of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle? -
✔✔Posterior talofibular ligament
Which of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle are extrasynovial but
intracapsular? - ✔✔Posterior talofibular ligament
Which of the extracapsular lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle are just
deep to the peroneal tendons? - ✔✔CFL
Which is the shortest lateral collateral ligament of the ankle? - ✔✔ATFL
A surgeon is inverting the foot with the ankle in a dorsiflexed position. The
surgeon is preparing to do a modified brostrum. Which ligament are they
specifically assessing? - ✔✔CFL
The proximal tibiofibular joint is best described as what type of joint? -
✔✔plain synovial joint
A patient presents to the office complaining that they "rolled their ankle". X-
rays reveal soft tissue inflammation. If the patient were to have,
hypothetically, inverted their foot while the foot was in neutral position
(neither dorsiflexed nor plantarflexed) on the sidewalk, which ligament
would be at stake? - ✔✔CFL
What degree of talar tilt with reference to the contralateral side requires
surgical correction? - ✔✔10 degrees
All of the following lateral ankle stabilizing procedures address one
ligament except. . .
A. Lee and Evans
B. Watson Jones
C. Nilson
