California Esthetics State Board Questions
With Correct Complete Solutions
Bacteria
One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. Some are
harmful, some are harmless.
Virus
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of biological
organisms. Its capable of replication only through taking over the host cell's reproductive
function.
Parasites
Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (host), while
contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. They must have a host to survive.
Fungi
Microscopic plant parasites, which include molds, mildews, and yeasts; can produce
contagious diseases such as ringworm.
Infection Control
The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms.
Cleaning
A mechanical process using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible
dirt, debris, and many disease causing germs; also removes invisible debris that
interferes with disinfection.
Sanitation
A chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned
surfaces to a safe level.
Disinfection
The process that eliminates most, but not necessarily all, microorganisms on nonporous
surfaces. This process is not effective against bacterial spores.
,Sterilization
The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.
Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic
What are the two primary types of bacteria?
Nonpathogenic Bacteria
Harmless organisms that may perform useful functions.
Pathogenic Bacteria
Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they
invade the body.
Cocci
Round-shaped bacteria that appear singularly or in groups.
Staphylococci
Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like bunches of grapes. They cause
abscesses, pustules, and boils.
Streptococci
Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause
infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning.
Diplococci
Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.
Bacilli
Short, rod-shaped bacteria; they are the most common bacteria and produce diseases
such as tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.
Spirilla
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria; they cause syphilis and Lyme Disease.
Motility
Also known as self-movement.
Flagella
Slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion (moving about).
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Also knows as quats; disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the
salon.
, Sodium Hypochlorite
Also known as household bleach.
Standard Precautions
Precautions such as wearing personal protective equipment to prevent skin and mucous
membrane where contact with a client's blood, bodily fluids, secretions (except sweat),
excretions, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes is likely. Workers must assume
that all blood and bodily fluids are potential sources of infection, regardless of the
perceived risk.
Universal Precautions
A set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to
assume that all human blood and bodily fluids are infectious for blood borne pathogens.
Binary Fission
The division of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells.
Anatomy
The study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye, and
of what substances they are made; it is the science of the structure of organisms, or of
their parts.
Physiology
The study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures.
Histology
The study of the tiny structures found in living tissue.
Cells
The basic unit of all living things; without these life does not exist.
Protoplasm
A colorless, jellylike substance in which food elements such as proteins, fats,
carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.
Nucleus
The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell.
DNA
What determines our genetic makeup, including the color of eyes, skin, and hair?
Nucleoplasm
With Correct Complete Solutions
Bacteria
One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. Some are
harmful, some are harmless.
Virus
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of biological
organisms. Its capable of replication only through taking over the host cell's reproductive
function.
Parasites
Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (host), while
contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. They must have a host to survive.
Fungi
Microscopic plant parasites, which include molds, mildews, and yeasts; can produce
contagious diseases such as ringworm.
Infection Control
The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms.
Cleaning
A mechanical process using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible
dirt, debris, and many disease causing germs; also removes invisible debris that
interferes with disinfection.
Sanitation
A chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned
surfaces to a safe level.
Disinfection
The process that eliminates most, but not necessarily all, microorganisms on nonporous
surfaces. This process is not effective against bacterial spores.
,Sterilization
The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.
Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic
What are the two primary types of bacteria?
Nonpathogenic Bacteria
Harmless organisms that may perform useful functions.
Pathogenic Bacteria
Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they
invade the body.
Cocci
Round-shaped bacteria that appear singularly or in groups.
Staphylococci
Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like bunches of grapes. They cause
abscesses, pustules, and boils.
Streptococci
Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause
infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning.
Diplococci
Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.
Bacilli
Short, rod-shaped bacteria; they are the most common bacteria and produce diseases
such as tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.
Spirilla
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria; they cause syphilis and Lyme Disease.
Motility
Also known as self-movement.
Flagella
Slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion (moving about).
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Also knows as quats; disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the
salon.
, Sodium Hypochlorite
Also known as household bleach.
Standard Precautions
Precautions such as wearing personal protective equipment to prevent skin and mucous
membrane where contact with a client's blood, bodily fluids, secretions (except sweat),
excretions, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes is likely. Workers must assume
that all blood and bodily fluids are potential sources of infection, regardless of the
perceived risk.
Universal Precautions
A set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to
assume that all human blood and bodily fluids are infectious for blood borne pathogens.
Binary Fission
The division of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells.
Anatomy
The study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye, and
of what substances they are made; it is the science of the structure of organisms, or of
their parts.
Physiology
The study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures.
Histology
The study of the tiny structures found in living tissue.
Cells
The basic unit of all living things; without these life does not exist.
Protoplasm
A colorless, jellylike substance in which food elements such as proteins, fats,
carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.
Nucleus
The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell.
DNA
What determines our genetic makeup, including the color of eyes, skin, and hair?
Nucleoplasm
