AAA Human Rights Economics Core SPRING 2022

Affirmative – Need to Shun Human Rights Abusers 8 Need to Shun Human Rights Abusers 9 Must Always Fight Evil 12 Must Reject Support for Human Rights Violators 15 Must Cut Ties to Evil Institutions 18 Shunning Avoids Complicity 19 Engagement Morally Wrong 20 AT: Other Interests Outweighs 22 AT: Rights Violations Justified 23 AT: Rights Violations are Only Minor 25 AT: One Individual Rejection Doesn’t Solve 26 AT: Shunning Fails / Backfires 29 AT: Shunning Reinforces Abuses 31 AT: Can’t Impose Values on Other Countries 33 AT: Shunning = Complete Isolation 35 AT: Shunning is Hypocritical 36 AT: “Weigh Consequences” 38 A2 Utilitarianism 43 A2 Extinction outweighs 46 AT: “States Not Moral Actors” 48 AT: “Shunning Hurts Human Rights” 50 AT: “U.S. Hypocritical” 51 AT: “No Brightline” 52 Affirmative – Human Rights Good 54 Human Rights Good 55 Prevent Human Extinction 56 War 59 Equality 62 Deontological Obligation 63 Security 64 Climate Change 65 Terrorism 66 Human Rights Solve Genocide 69 Human Rights Key to Democracy 70 Human Rights Key to Hegemony 71 Discourse Impacts 72 U.S. Key to Global Human Rights 74 Answers to: Common Arguments 78 A2: General Kritiks of Human Rights 79 A2: HR are imperialist 81 A2: HR calculations are zero point 86 A2: HR are Too Western 87 A2: HR are Anthropocentric 89 A2: HR Socialize/Make Everyone the Same 90 A2: Cultural Relevatism 91 A2: Mutua K of Human Rights 92 A2: Sovereignty Good DA 100 Affirmative – Human Rights Leadership 104 Affirmative – Democracy Contention 109 Affirmative – Sanctions Good 117 Sanctions Ethical 118 Sanctions Ethical and Cause Compliance 119 Ethically Justified- Self-Defense and Humanitarian Reasons 120 Moral Responsibility is with the Target 122 AT: Humanitarian Impact 124 Smart Sanctions Avoid Ethical Harms 125 Affirmative -- Deontology Framework 127 Consequentialism Kills VTL 128 Utilitarianism Justifies Atrocities 129 Side Constraints 132 Intervening Action 134 Critical Consequentialism 135 AT: Extinction Outweighs 136 Extinction Images = Overestimate Risk 137 Tyranny of Survival 138 Affirmative – Globalization Good/Interdependence Good Answers 140 Interdependence Doesn’t Stop War 141 Trade Won’t. Stop War 145 Negative 149 Negative – Core Objections 150 Must Balance 151 National Interest Objection 152 Human Rights Good Answers -- General 153 The conventional wisdom 153 Negative –Advantage/Contention Answers 159 Shunning Answers 160 General Human Rights Good Impact Answers 164 Human Rights Should be Viewed Consequentially 165 Other Concerns Outweigh 170 A2: All Philosophers Agree Humans Have Fundamental Rights 171 A2: Humans Born with Certain Traits that Prove they Have Human Rights 172 A2: Human Rights Key to Stop Genocide and Death 174 A2: Human Rights Key to Stop Genocide and Death 176 A2: Declaration of Human Rights Proves Rights Are Universal 178 A2: Human Rights Prevent Atrocities 179 Human Rights Credibility Answers 180 General Human Rights Credibility Turns 182 War Turns Human Rights 184 Nuke War Outweighs Human Rights 185 Human Rights Promotion Fails 187 Human Rights Promotion Undermines Human Rights 188 Human Rights Pressure Backfires 194 Human Rights Promotion Fails 198 Negative – Sanctions Bad 201 Sanctions Unethical 202 Target Innocent Civilians/Use People as Means 203 Sanctions = Genocide 210 Sanctions Only Ethical if they Cause Change 211 Travel Sanctions Unethical 212 Sanctions = Ethnocentric 214 Outweighs War 215 AT: Utilitarianism 216 AT: Symbolic Value 220 AT: Smart Sanctions 221 Negative -- More Kritiks of Human Rights Protection 223 Human Rights K – Intervention 224 Wars/Intervention 225 Architecture K 1NC 229 Link: Moral Imperative 239 Human Rights Link Extensions 244 Cap K Links 246 Human Rights K (Mutua) 249 2NR OVERVIEW 254 2NR LINK FRONTLINE 255 AT: PERMUTATION 265 AT: PERMUTATION 266 AT: WE SOLVE 269 AT: NO ALTERNATIVE 270 AT: Holocaust Proves Human Rights Are Good 271 AT: RELATIVISM 272 AT: KRISHNA 273 AT: REALISM 274 AT: FRAMEWORK 275 “Human Rights” Promotion Imperialistic 276 Human Rights Deny Agency 278 Universalization Link 279 Imperialism Bad 281 Racism 282 Ethics 284 Indigenous Rights 285 Terrorism 287 Sovereignty Key/Intervention Not Justified*** 289 Sovereignty Protects Diversity 290 Sovereignty Good Impacts: Global Peace 291 Negative – National Interest Good/Moralism Answers 293 Should Prioritize National Interest 294 A2: Walzer 296 A2: Rights 298 Turn - Responsibility 299 Turn -- Utopianism 301 Turn -- Intervention 303 Turn – Social Contract 305 Ethical Pragmatism Necessary to Prevent War 308 Ethics Of Prudence 309 Policy Relevance Turn 312 Policy Relevance Turn 314 Lead By Example Turn 316 1NC Lead By Example Turn 318 Moralizing Terrible 319 Moralizing Is Immoral 321 Ethics Of Consequences Prevents War 322 Avoid the Worst 323 Absolute Virtue Bad 324 Morality Answers Frontline -- Defense 325 A2: Morality Absolute 329 Answers to: “Must Aid the Stranger” 330 Rawls Answers 332 Levinas/Infinite Responsiblity Answers – Util 333 Levinas Answer – Quantification 335 Levinas Answer – Nazism 337 A2: Infinite Ethical Responsibility to the Other 338 Answers to: “Be for the Other” 342 Liberalism Causes War 346 Liberalism Leads to Foreign Policy Failure 347 Liberalism Undermines Foreign Policy 349 Liberalism Supports Intervention 350 Liberalism Undermines U.S. Power 352 Liberalism Promotes Isolationism 353 Liberalism Supports Imperialism 355 Liberalism Supports Imperialism 356 Animal Rights Kritik of Human Rights 357 International Human Rights Discourse is Speciesist – 1N Shell 358 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW BASED ON SPECIESIST FOUNDATION 362 INTERNATIONAL LAW IS SPECIESIST – ONLY JUSTIFIES PROTECTION OF HUMANS 364 Links: Human Dignity justification for right 365 “HUMAN DIGNITY” BASIS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IS SPECIEST 367 Links: Human Dignity justification for rights 369 Links: Kantian Philosophy is Speciesist 370 Links: Agency justification for rights 371 Links: Equality Discourse 372 FOUNDATION OF JUSTIFICATION FOR EQUALITY IS ROOTED IN SPECIESISM 373 Links: Enlightenment is Speciesist 375 “Human Rights” are socially constructed 376 Speciesist Discourse is Immoral 377 MORALITY BASED IN SPECIESISM IS MORALLY UNTENABLE 378 Speciesism Immoral – akin to racism and sexism 379 AT: Speciesism Not Analogous to Racism/Sexism 381 Speciesist Discourse Justifies Domination of Non-humans, rigid species barrier 384 SPECIESISM LICENSES THE HATRED OF NONHUMAN ANIMALS 388 Species Barrier used to Justify Slavery 389 PROPERTY STATUS MEANS THAT NONHUMAN ANIMALS ARE TREATED AS SLAVES* 393 Species Barrier entrenches the logic of the holocaust 394 Speciesism Underlies War and Violence 395 Exclusion of non-human animals undermines efforts to promote human rights 396 Exclusion of non-human animals undermines efforts to promote human rights 398 AT: Speciesism is Natural 401 AT: Human Dignity is a Justifiable Basis for Human Rights Law 403 AT: Only humans deserve rights 405 AT: Non-humans can’t demand their own rights 406 AT: Species Barrier Justified 407 AT: Should solve the problems of humans first 408 AT: Accounting for animal interests undermines the interests of humans 409 AT: Animal Rights dilute Human Rights 411 AT: Animal Rights dilute Human Rights Rights 413 Alternative: Reject Speciesist Foundation for Rights to Develop a new Ethical Framework 414 AT: Perm 416 30 Basic Human Rights List Ontario NGO, From the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, So what are the 30 basic human rights list? Here are full list of 30 human rights according to Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by United Nations, signed in Paris on 10 December 1948. 1. All human beings are free and equal All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. 2. No discrimination Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs. 3. Right to life Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. 4. No slavery No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. 5. No torture and inhuman treatment No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 6. Same right to use law Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. 7. Equal before the law All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation and against any incitement to such discrimination. 8. Right to treated fair by court Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. 9. No unfair detainment No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. 10. Right to trial Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. 11. Innocent until proved guilty Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. 12. Right to privacy No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. 13. Freedom to movement and residence Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. 14. Right to asylum Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. 15. Right to nationality Everyone has the right to a nationality. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality 16. Rights to marry and have family Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. 17. Right to own things Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. 18. Freedom of thought and religion Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. 19. Freedom of opinion and expression Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. 20. Right to assemble Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. No one may be compelled to belong to an association. 21. Right to democracy Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country. 22. Right to social security Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. 23. Right to work Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. 24. Right to rest and holiday Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. 25. Right of social service Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children shall enjoy the same social protection. 26. Right to education Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. 27. Right of cultural and art Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. 28. Freedom around the world Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. 29. Subject to law Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. 30. Human rights can’t be taken away Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein. So those are all Universal Declaration of Human Rights list by United Nations General Assembly. All universal human rights list above commonly known as 30 basic human rights that must be respected and protected by the law Need to Shun Human Rights Abusers human rights abusers makes you complicit with Evil, no political end is worth this compromise. Gordon & Gordon, senior lecturer at Ben-Gurion University, and independent Scholar, 95 (Haim and Rivca, “Sartre and Evil: Guidelines for a Struggle,” 1995, xvi-xvii, Questia, 7-2-13, JS) Put differently, this book is also about us, a man and a woman who, often with others, have for years been struggling for freedom, for dialogue, for justice, for human rights in Israel and in the Middle East, and about what we have learned from Sartre that has helped us to conduct this daily struggle. Yet it should also be clear: We are not standard do-gooders. When we use the word "struggle," we mean fighting, attacking, pointing at evildoers, demanding that they be prosecuted. We mean accepting the profound loneliness that often characterizes such struggles. We mean living with the stupid decisions and the mistakes that we have often made, and, we hope, learning from them. We mean knowing that we too have done Evil. Like Sartre we do not need to be identified with a party or an organization or a large group when we attack an evildoer, although we are, at times, happy when such occurs. For instance, when human rights are blatantly abused in the Gaza Strip, or when violence against women is ignored by the Israeli police, we are unwilling to compromise such a destruction of human freedom with the goals of a party or an organization so that the organization or party can attain its political ends from this Evil. Learning from Sartre, we condemn the Evil and the oppression and exploitation as loudly and clearly as possible. And like Sartre, our condemnations often fall on deaf ears. Again and again we have failed, as this book will often indicate. The Israeli military administration in Gaza, the Israeli press, Israeli politicians, other intellectuals and academics, and even other human rights organizations have often made us feel frustrated, impotent, stuck, irrelevant. But we continue. It is in this kind of struggle, we believe, that one can learn much from Sartre's writings. Hence, in what follows, while we shall discuss in detail and in depth quite a few philosophical themes central to Sartre's writings, we shall always attempt to suggest how these themes can help in the day-to-day struggle against Evil. To do so, we often add to our discussion of Sartre's insights on Evil an instance from our personal experiences or from events in the world that these insights have helped to clarify. It is in this kind of struggle, we believe, that one can learn much from Sartre's writings. Hence, in what follows, while we shall discuss in detail and in depth quite a few philosophical themes central to Sartre's writings, we shall always attempt to suggest how these themes can help in the day-to-day struggle against Evil. To do so, we often add to our discussion of Sartre's insights on Evil an instance from our personal experiences or from events in the world that these insights have helped to clarify. We firmly believe that Sartre would have preferred such a book to a strict scholarly study of his relationship to Evil. He repeatedly pointed out that he was deeply concerned with the relevance of his writings to day-to-day praxis, to day-to-day struggles, to the situation in which persons find themselves. He wanted his writings to make a concrete difference in the world, not only to be a topic of analysis and discussion among scholars and philosophers. We also believe that Sartre would have liked a book that at times reeks of the blood, sweat, and tears -- and yes, the rage, the passion, the debilitating loneliness, and the ongoing fight against impotence -- that characterize any worthy struggle for freedom today. Shunning human rights violators is necessary to uphold a moral order – protecting rights is an a- priori concern Beversluis, 89 (Eric H. April 1989. “On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions.” Public Affairs Quarterly, April, vol. 3, no. 2)