A-level Biology Cells Questions With Complete
Solutions.
Name the main biological molecule in:
The Cell Membrane
The Cell Wall
-Phospholipids
-Murein
Has stacked membranes arranged in parallel and contains DNA.
Chloroplasts
Is an organelle and is not surrounded by two membranes.
Golgi Apparatus
Human breast milk is produced and secreted by gland cells. These gland cells
have adaptations that include many mitochondria and many Golgi vesicles.
The milk contains a high concentration of protein.
Explain the role of these cell adaptations in the production and secretion of
breast milk.
Mitochondria release energy in the form of ATP for vesicle transportation.
Golgi Vesicles transport the protein out of the cell.
Explain the advantages of lipid droplet and micelle formation.
The droplets have a large surface area which increases the rate of hydrolysis.
The micelles are smaller so are able to pass through the membrane carrying the
products.
Suggest how the Golgi apparatus is involved in the absorption of lipids.
It modifies and processes triglycerides and combines them with proteins, forms
vesicles and releases them via exocytosis.
In cell fractionation, why is the solution ice cold?
Stops enzyme activity to prevent digestion of organelles
Is RNA in a Virus or Bacterium?
Both
Is a cell wall in a Virus or Bacterium?
Bacterium
,Are enzyme molecules in a Virus or Bacterium?
Both
Is a capsid in a Virus or Bacterium?
Virus
Which of cell membrane, cell wall and nucleus is a is white blood cell present
in?
Cell surface membrane and nucleus
Which of cell membrane, cell wall and nucleus is a is bacterial cell present in?
Cell wall and cell surface membrane
Some scientists support the theory that mitochondria are organelles that
evolved from prokaryotic cells.
(i) Give one piece of evidence that supports the theory that mitochondria
evolved from prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA
What is the advantage to cells of having mitochondria?
The respire aerobically so provide energy in the form of ATP.
Describe how temporary mounts are made.
Thin slice/section;
Stain with iodine
Add cover slip;
Describe how the scientist could have used the temporary mounts of leaves to
determine the mean number of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells of a leaf.
1. Take a large number of cells
2. Count number of chloroplasts;
3. Divide number of chloroplasts by number of cells
In which organelle does protein synthesis take place?
The RER
Describe how the RER is involved in the production of enzymes.
, Its covered in ribosomes which join amino acids together to make proteins in protein
synthesis.
Describe how the Golgi apparatus is involved in the secretion of enzymes.
It modifies and packages into vesicles for transport.
Give two structures a bacterial cell may have that a white blood cell does not
have.
Flagella and capsule
People given whole-cell vaccines were more likely to develop harmful side
effects than the people given the vaccines containing parts of the bacterial
cells (lines 4-6).
Suggest reasons why.
Heating was supposed to kill bacteria
so active bacteria are still alive meaning they can reproduce and make toxins.
People given whole-cell vaccines produced a greater range of antibodies
against the bacterium than the people given the vaccines containing parts of
the bacterial cells (lines 7-8).
Explain why.
More bacteria = antigens;
and each antigen causes its own immune response.
Microfold cells take up the antigens and transport them to cells of the immune
system (lines 6-7). Antigens are not able to pass through the cell-surface
membranes of other epithelial cells. Suggest two reasons why.
Not lipid soluble
Too large
Scientists believe that it may be possible to develop vaccines that make use of
microfold cells (lines 9-10). Explain how this sort of vaccine would lead to a
person developing immunity to a pathogen.
Vaccine contains antigen
T-cells activate B-cells;
B-cells divide and forms clones
Plasma cells produce antibodies;
Memory cells produced meaning more antibodies remain in system
Solutions.
Name the main biological molecule in:
The Cell Membrane
The Cell Wall
-Phospholipids
-Murein
Has stacked membranes arranged in parallel and contains DNA.
Chloroplasts
Is an organelle and is not surrounded by two membranes.
Golgi Apparatus
Human breast milk is produced and secreted by gland cells. These gland cells
have adaptations that include many mitochondria and many Golgi vesicles.
The milk contains a high concentration of protein.
Explain the role of these cell adaptations in the production and secretion of
breast milk.
Mitochondria release energy in the form of ATP for vesicle transportation.
Golgi Vesicles transport the protein out of the cell.
Explain the advantages of lipid droplet and micelle formation.
The droplets have a large surface area which increases the rate of hydrolysis.
The micelles are smaller so are able to pass through the membrane carrying the
products.
Suggest how the Golgi apparatus is involved in the absorption of lipids.
It modifies and processes triglycerides and combines them with proteins, forms
vesicles and releases them via exocytosis.
In cell fractionation, why is the solution ice cold?
Stops enzyme activity to prevent digestion of organelles
Is RNA in a Virus or Bacterium?
Both
Is a cell wall in a Virus or Bacterium?
Bacterium
,Are enzyme molecules in a Virus or Bacterium?
Both
Is a capsid in a Virus or Bacterium?
Virus
Which of cell membrane, cell wall and nucleus is a is white blood cell present
in?
Cell surface membrane and nucleus
Which of cell membrane, cell wall and nucleus is a is bacterial cell present in?
Cell wall and cell surface membrane
Some scientists support the theory that mitochondria are organelles that
evolved from prokaryotic cells.
(i) Give one piece of evidence that supports the theory that mitochondria
evolved from prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA
What is the advantage to cells of having mitochondria?
The respire aerobically so provide energy in the form of ATP.
Describe how temporary mounts are made.
Thin slice/section;
Stain with iodine
Add cover slip;
Describe how the scientist could have used the temporary mounts of leaves to
determine the mean number of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells of a leaf.
1. Take a large number of cells
2. Count number of chloroplasts;
3. Divide number of chloroplasts by number of cells
In which organelle does protein synthesis take place?
The RER
Describe how the RER is involved in the production of enzymes.
, Its covered in ribosomes which join amino acids together to make proteins in protein
synthesis.
Describe how the Golgi apparatus is involved in the secretion of enzymes.
It modifies and packages into vesicles for transport.
Give two structures a bacterial cell may have that a white blood cell does not
have.
Flagella and capsule
People given whole-cell vaccines were more likely to develop harmful side
effects than the people given the vaccines containing parts of the bacterial
cells (lines 4-6).
Suggest reasons why.
Heating was supposed to kill bacteria
so active bacteria are still alive meaning they can reproduce and make toxins.
People given whole-cell vaccines produced a greater range of antibodies
against the bacterium than the people given the vaccines containing parts of
the bacterial cells (lines 7-8).
Explain why.
More bacteria = antigens;
and each antigen causes its own immune response.
Microfold cells take up the antigens and transport them to cells of the immune
system (lines 6-7). Antigens are not able to pass through the cell-surface
membranes of other epithelial cells. Suggest two reasons why.
Not lipid soluble
Too large
Scientists believe that it may be possible to develop vaccines that make use of
microfold cells (lines 9-10). Explain how this sort of vaccine would lead to a
person developing immunity to a pathogen.
Vaccine contains antigen
T-cells activate B-cells;
B-cells divide and forms clones
Plasma cells produce antibodies;
Memory cells produced meaning more antibodies remain in system
