A LEVEL BIOLOGY: 25 Mark essays With Complete
Solutions
The importance of shapes fitting together in cells and organisms
*Enzyme properties and digestion
*Antigens, antibodies, B cells & T cells
*Structure of DNA
*DNA replication
*Transcription and translation
*Restriction enzymes
*Muscle contraction
*Action potentials and synaptic transmission
*Control of blood glucose concentration
How bacteria can affect the lives of humans and other organisms
*Pathogens
*Resistance to antibiotics
*Carbon cycle
*Nitrogen cycle
*Eutrophication
*Use of bacterial enzymes (restriction endonuclease, DNA polymerase for PCR)
*Use of bacterial plasmids
The importance of receptors in living organisms
*Immune system (receptor proteins in T-cells, primary response, secondary
response)
*Nerve Impulses (Action potentials, pacinian corpuscle, synapses, thermoreceptors,
light receptors)
*Survival and response (tropisms, auxins, kineses, taxis)
, *Homeostasis (temperature, pH, glucose)
*Control of heart rate (baroreceptors, chemoreceptors)
The importance of movement in living organisms
*DNA replication
*Gas exchange (single celled, insects, fish, plant, human)
*Evolution/speciation (species isolated, sympatric speciation, allele freq changes,
physical barrier)
*Mass transport (water in plants, mammalian circulation, haemoglobin)
*Protein synthesis (transcription, translation)
*Meiosis (2 nuclear divisions)
*Transport across membranes (active transport, cotransport, osmosis, diffusion)
The causes of disease in humans
*Pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, damage cells, produce toxins, viruses replicate
inside host cells, MRSA)
*Lifestyle (smoking, pollution, cancer, heart disease, radiation asthma, emphysema)
*HIV (AIDs, replicated inside T-cells, no cure)
*Genetics (non-functional enzymes, cell cycle, gene mutations, proto-oncogenes,
tumour suppressor genes)
Polymers have different structures and functions. Describe how structures are
related to functions.
*Storage molecules (Control of blood glucose, glycogen, starch)
*Informational molecules (enzymes, RNA, Antibodies, DNA)
Solutions
The importance of shapes fitting together in cells and organisms
*Enzyme properties and digestion
*Antigens, antibodies, B cells & T cells
*Structure of DNA
*DNA replication
*Transcription and translation
*Restriction enzymes
*Muscle contraction
*Action potentials and synaptic transmission
*Control of blood glucose concentration
How bacteria can affect the lives of humans and other organisms
*Pathogens
*Resistance to antibiotics
*Carbon cycle
*Nitrogen cycle
*Eutrophication
*Use of bacterial enzymes (restriction endonuclease, DNA polymerase for PCR)
*Use of bacterial plasmids
The importance of receptors in living organisms
*Immune system (receptor proteins in T-cells, primary response, secondary
response)
*Nerve Impulses (Action potentials, pacinian corpuscle, synapses, thermoreceptors,
light receptors)
*Survival and response (tropisms, auxins, kineses, taxis)
, *Homeostasis (temperature, pH, glucose)
*Control of heart rate (baroreceptors, chemoreceptors)
The importance of movement in living organisms
*DNA replication
*Gas exchange (single celled, insects, fish, plant, human)
*Evolution/speciation (species isolated, sympatric speciation, allele freq changes,
physical barrier)
*Mass transport (water in plants, mammalian circulation, haemoglobin)
*Protein synthesis (transcription, translation)
*Meiosis (2 nuclear divisions)
*Transport across membranes (active transport, cotransport, osmosis, diffusion)
The causes of disease in humans
*Pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, damage cells, produce toxins, viruses replicate
inside host cells, MRSA)
*Lifestyle (smoking, pollution, cancer, heart disease, radiation asthma, emphysema)
*HIV (AIDs, replicated inside T-cells, no cure)
*Genetics (non-functional enzymes, cell cycle, gene mutations, proto-oncogenes,
tumour suppressor genes)
Polymers have different structures and functions. Describe how structures are
related to functions.
*Storage molecules (Control of blood glucose, glycogen, starch)
*Informational molecules (enzymes, RNA, Antibodies, DNA)
