Cell biology, genetics, molecular
biology, evolution and ecology
verma, agarwal 2005
Genetic Engineering
National University of Science and Technology Bulawayo
1291 pag.
Document shared on https://www.docsity.com/en/cell-biology-genetics-molecular-biology-evolution-and-ecology-verma-agarwal-2005/663499/
, Multicolour Edition
CELL BIOLOGY,
GENETICS,
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,
EVOLUTION AND
ECOLOGY
[For B.Sc., B.Sc. (Hons.), and M.Sc. (Zoology, Botany
and Biosciences) Classes of All Indian Universities]
P.S. VERMA
M.Sc., Ph.D., F.E.S.I., F.A.Z.
Reader
Department of Zoology, Meerut College, Meerut
V.K. AGARWAL
M.Sc., Ph.D.
Reader
Department of Zoology, Meerut College, Meerut
S. CHAND
AN ISO 9001 : 2000 COMPANY
2005
S. CHAND & COMPANY LTD.
RAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI-110 055
(i)
Document shared on https://www.docsity.com/en/cell-biology-genetics-molecular-biology-evolution-and-ecology-verma-agarwal-2005/663499/
, S. CHAND & COMPANY LTD.
(An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company)
Head Office : 7361, RAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI - 110 055
Phones : 23672080-81-82; Fax : 91-11-23677446
Shop at: schandgroup.com
E-mail:
Branches :
1st Floor, Heritage, Near Gujarat Vidhyapeeth, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-380 014.
Ph. 7541965, 7542369
No. 6, Ahuja Chambers, 1st Cross, Kumara Krupa Road, Bangalore-560 001. Ph : 2268048, 2354008
152, Anna Salai, Chennai-600 002. Ph : 8460026
S.C.O. 6, 7 & 8, Sector 9D, Chandigarh-160017, Ph-749376, 749377
1st Floor, Bhartia Tower, Badambadi, Cuttack-753 009, Ph-2332580; 2332581
1st Floor, 52-A, Rajpur Road, Dehradun-248 011. Ph : 2740889, 2740861
Pan Bazar, Guwahati-781 001. Ph : 2522155
Sultan Bazar, Hyderabad-500 195. Ph : 24651135, 4744815
Mai Hiran Gate, Jalandhar - 144008 . Ph. 2401630
613-7, M.G. Road, Ernakulam, Kochi-682 035. Ph :381740
285/J, Bipin Bihari Ganguli Street, Kolkata-700 012. Ph : 22367459, 22373914
Mahabeer Market, 25 Gwynne Road, Aminabad, Lucknow-226 018. Ph : 2226801, 2284815
Blackie House, 103/5, Walchand Hirachand Marg , Opp. G.P.O., Mumbai-400 001.
Ph : 22690881, 22610885
3, Gandhi Sagar East, Nagpur-440 002. Ph : 2723901
104, Citicentre Ashok, Govind Mitra Road, Patna-800 004. Ph : 2671366, 2302100
Marketing Offices :
238-A, M.P. Nagar, Zone 1, Bhopal - 462 011
A-14, Janta Store Shopping Complex, University Marg, Bapu Nagar, Jaipur - 302 015,
Phone : 0141-2709153
© 1974, P.S. Verma & V.K. Agarwal.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Publisher.
First Edition 1974
Subsequent Editions and Reprints 1975, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 83 (Twice)
1985, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 2001, 2002, 2003
Reprint 2004
First Multicolour Edition 2004
ISBN : 81-219-2442-1
PRINTED IN INDIA
By Rajendra Ravindra Printers (Pvt.) Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 055
and published by S. Chand & Company Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 055.
(ii)
Document shared on https://www.docsity.com/en/cell-biology-genetics-molecular-biology-evolution-and-ecology-verma-agarwal-2005/663499/
, Preface
T ology, Ev
gy
ology olution and Ecolo
Evolution
PREFACE
he multicoloured edition of the textbook of Cell Biolo gy
gy,, Genetics, Molecular Bi-
Biology
gy is the outcome of sincere and combined efforts of the
Ecology
authors and editors (namely Shishir Bhatnagar, Shubha Pradhan, Malini Kothiyal
Kothiyal)
and young but talented persons of DTP of S.Chand & Company Ltd. Their main motive
remained to provide relevant coloured photographs explaining various intricate biological
topics. Multicoloured figures and photographs of this edition would help our target read-
ers to understand and fully appreciate the very gist of the subject matter. Authors and
editors have remained quite choosy and vigilant regarding relevance and authenticity of
each and every illustration/picture finding its place in this textbook.
Authors earnestly hope that this multicoloured edition of the textbook of Cell Biolo gy,,
gy
Biology
Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology will enhance the curiosity of our
target readers to know more and more about the subject. It will arm them with latest
information for facing any type of exam quite adequately.
This book is meant for students of B.Sc., B.Sc. (Hons.) and M.Sc. of biological group.
Students appearing in entrance exams of C.P.M.T., I.F.S., P.C.S. and I.A.S., etc, may be
immensely benefited by this book.
Authors wish to express their thanks to Shri R.K. Gupta, the Managing Director,
Mr
Mr.. Navin Joshi, the General Manager of M/s S.Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi, for all their
efforts to make this endeavour a pleasant surprise to the readers.
Authors
(iii)
Document shared on https://www.docsity.com/en/cell-biology-genetics-molecular-biology-evolution-and-ecology-verma-agarwal-2005/663499/
biology, evolution and ecology
verma, agarwal 2005
Genetic Engineering
National University of Science and Technology Bulawayo
1291 pag.
Document shared on https://www.docsity.com/en/cell-biology-genetics-molecular-biology-evolution-and-ecology-verma-agarwal-2005/663499/
, Multicolour Edition
CELL BIOLOGY,
GENETICS,
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,
EVOLUTION AND
ECOLOGY
[For B.Sc., B.Sc. (Hons.), and M.Sc. (Zoology, Botany
and Biosciences) Classes of All Indian Universities]
P.S. VERMA
M.Sc., Ph.D., F.E.S.I., F.A.Z.
Reader
Department of Zoology, Meerut College, Meerut
V.K. AGARWAL
M.Sc., Ph.D.
Reader
Department of Zoology, Meerut College, Meerut
S. CHAND
AN ISO 9001 : 2000 COMPANY
2005
S. CHAND & COMPANY LTD.
RAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI-110 055
(i)
Document shared on https://www.docsity.com/en/cell-biology-genetics-molecular-biology-evolution-and-ecology-verma-agarwal-2005/663499/
, S. CHAND & COMPANY LTD.
(An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company)
Head Office : 7361, RAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI - 110 055
Phones : 23672080-81-82; Fax : 91-11-23677446
Shop at: schandgroup.com
E-mail:
Branches :
1st Floor, Heritage, Near Gujarat Vidhyapeeth, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-380 014.
Ph. 7541965, 7542369
No. 6, Ahuja Chambers, 1st Cross, Kumara Krupa Road, Bangalore-560 001. Ph : 2268048, 2354008
152, Anna Salai, Chennai-600 002. Ph : 8460026
S.C.O. 6, 7 & 8, Sector 9D, Chandigarh-160017, Ph-749376, 749377
1st Floor, Bhartia Tower, Badambadi, Cuttack-753 009, Ph-2332580; 2332581
1st Floor, 52-A, Rajpur Road, Dehradun-248 011. Ph : 2740889, 2740861
Pan Bazar, Guwahati-781 001. Ph : 2522155
Sultan Bazar, Hyderabad-500 195. Ph : 24651135, 4744815
Mai Hiran Gate, Jalandhar - 144008 . Ph. 2401630
613-7, M.G. Road, Ernakulam, Kochi-682 035. Ph :381740
285/J, Bipin Bihari Ganguli Street, Kolkata-700 012. Ph : 22367459, 22373914
Mahabeer Market, 25 Gwynne Road, Aminabad, Lucknow-226 018. Ph : 2226801, 2284815
Blackie House, 103/5, Walchand Hirachand Marg , Opp. G.P.O., Mumbai-400 001.
Ph : 22690881, 22610885
3, Gandhi Sagar East, Nagpur-440 002. Ph : 2723901
104, Citicentre Ashok, Govind Mitra Road, Patna-800 004. Ph : 2671366, 2302100
Marketing Offices :
238-A, M.P. Nagar, Zone 1, Bhopal - 462 011
A-14, Janta Store Shopping Complex, University Marg, Bapu Nagar, Jaipur - 302 015,
Phone : 0141-2709153
© 1974, P.S. Verma & V.K. Agarwal.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Publisher.
First Edition 1974
Subsequent Editions and Reprints 1975, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 83 (Twice)
1985, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 2001, 2002, 2003
Reprint 2004
First Multicolour Edition 2004
ISBN : 81-219-2442-1
PRINTED IN INDIA
By Rajendra Ravindra Printers (Pvt.) Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 055
and published by S. Chand & Company Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 055.
(ii)
Document shared on https://www.docsity.com/en/cell-biology-genetics-molecular-biology-evolution-and-ecology-verma-agarwal-2005/663499/
, Preface
T ology, Ev
gy
ology olution and Ecolo
Evolution
PREFACE
he multicoloured edition of the textbook of Cell Biolo gy
gy,, Genetics, Molecular Bi-
Biology
gy is the outcome of sincere and combined efforts of the
Ecology
authors and editors (namely Shishir Bhatnagar, Shubha Pradhan, Malini Kothiyal
Kothiyal)
and young but talented persons of DTP of S.Chand & Company Ltd. Their main motive
remained to provide relevant coloured photographs explaining various intricate biological
topics. Multicoloured figures and photographs of this edition would help our target read-
ers to understand and fully appreciate the very gist of the subject matter. Authors and
editors have remained quite choosy and vigilant regarding relevance and authenticity of
each and every illustration/picture finding its place in this textbook.
Authors earnestly hope that this multicoloured edition of the textbook of Cell Biolo gy,,
gy
Biology
Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology will enhance the curiosity of our
target readers to know more and more about the subject. It will arm them with latest
information for facing any type of exam quite adequately.
This book is meant for students of B.Sc., B.Sc. (Hons.) and M.Sc. of biological group.
Students appearing in entrance exams of C.P.M.T., I.F.S., P.C.S. and I.A.S., etc, may be
immensely benefited by this book.
Authors wish to express their thanks to Shri R.K. Gupta, the Managing Director,
Mr
Mr.. Navin Joshi, the General Manager of M/s S.Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi, for all their
efforts to make this endeavour a pleasant surprise to the readers.
Authors
(iii)
Document shared on https://www.docsity.com/en/cell-biology-genetics-molecular-biology-evolution-and-ecology-verma-agarwal-2005/663499/
