WGU C175 Data Management Foundations Test Questions and Answers, Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+)

They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers. Which of the following is true of business rules? entity A(n) _______ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored. XML/Hybrid data model Oracle 11g is an example of the _______. entity instance Each row in the relational table is known as a(n) relational data model MySQL is an example of the _______. attribute A(n) _______ is the equivalent of a field in a file system. entity relationship The _______ model was developed to allow designers to use a graphical tool to examine structures rather than describing them with text. entity relationship The _______ model uses the term connectivity to label the relationship types. 1980s The object-oriented data model was developed in the _______ . network In the _______ model, the user perceives the database as a collection of records in 1:M relationships, where each record can have more than one parent. constraints _______ are important because they help to ensure data integrity. Crow's Foot notation In ________, a three pronged symbol represents the "many" side of the relationship. data definition language (DDL) A(n) _______ enables a database administrator to describe schema components. file system data model VMS/VSAM is an example of the _______. 1960s The hierarchical data model was developed in the _______. hierarchical One of the limitations of the _______ model is that there is a lack of standards. entity A(n) _______ represents a particular type of object in the real world. data manipulation language (DML) A(n) ________ defines the environment in which data can be managed and is used to work with the data in the database. constraint WGU C175 Data Management Foundations Test Questions and Answers 2024/2025 Graded A+ A(n) _______ is a restriction placed on the data. They are not based on the relational model. Which of the following is true of NoSQL databases? provide fault tolerance. NoSQL databases: relationship A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) _______ in the data model. business rule A(n) _______ is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization. business rules From a database point of view, the collection of data becomes meaningful only when it reflects properly defined _______ . It does not have standards Which of the following is a disadvantage of the hierarchical data model? relation The relational model's foundation is a mathematical concept known as a relationship A(n) _______ is bidirectional. 1970s The relational data model was developed in the _______. hierarchical In the _______ model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent. client node Which of the following types of HDFS nodes acts as the interface between the user application and the HDFS? attribute Each column in a relation represents a(n) method In object oriented terms, a(n) ________ defines an object's behavior. tuple Each row in a relation is called a(n) data model A(n) ________ is a relatively simple representation of more complex real-world data structures. constraints _______ are normally expressed in the form of rules. many-to-many Students and classes have a _______ relationship. model A(n) ______'s main function is to help one understand the complexities of the real world environment. class A(n) _______ is a collection of similar objects with a shared structure and behavior. entity A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _______ in the data model. schema A(n) _______ is the conceptual organization of an entire database as viewed by a database administrator. name node Which of the following types of HDFS nodes stores all the metadata about a file system? hierarchical In the _______ model, the basic logical structure is represented as an upside-down tree. object-oriented The _______ data model is said to be a semantic data model. segment A(n) _______ in a hierarchical model is the equivalent of a record in a file system. object-oriented The _______ data model uses the concept of inheritance. unique When you define a table's primary key, the DBMS automatically creates a(n) _____ index on the primary key column(s) you declared. data dictionary A(n) _______ provides a detailed description of all tables found within the user/designer-created database. 1:M The _______ relationship is the relational database norm. candidate A _____ key can be described as a minimal superkey, a superkey without any unnecessary attributes. M:N ________relationships cannot be implemented as such in the relational model. bridge Another name for a composite entity is a(n) _____ entity. 1:M The _____ relationship is the "relational model ideal." secondary A _____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes. entity The CUSTOMER table's primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary key column has no null entries, and all entries are unique. This is an example of _____ integrity. system The _______ catalog can be described as a detailed system data dictionary that describes all objects within the database, including data about table names, the table's creator and creation date, the number of columns in each table, the data type corresponding to each column, index filenames, index creators, authorized users, and access privileges. M:N _____ relationships can be implemented by creating a new entity in 1:M relationships with the original entities. predicate _____ logic, used extensively in mathematics, provides a framework in which an assertion (statement of fact) can be verified as either true or false. index A(n) _____ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table. keys In the relational model, _____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable. superkey A _____ is any key that uniquely identifies each row. 1:1 If one department chair "a professor "can chair only one department, and one department can have only one department chair. The entities PROFESSOR and DEPARTMENT exhibit a(n) _______ relationship. column Each table _____ represents an attribute. attributes An index key can have multiple _______ (a composite index). integrity Referential _____ dictates that the foreign key must contain values that match the primary key in the related table, or must contain null. keys In a relational model, _______ are also used to establish relationships among tables and to ensure the integrity of the data attribute In a relational table, each column has a specific range of values known as the _______ domain. relation A table is also called a(n) _______ because the relational model's creator, E. F. Codd, used the two terms as synonyms. foreign key A _____ is the primary key of one table that has been placed into another table to create a common attribute. candidate A primary key is a(n) _______ key chosen to be the primary means by which rows of a table are uniquely identified. NOT NULL The _____ constraint can be placed on a column to ensure that every row in the table has a value for that column. 1:1 The _____ relationship should be rare in any relational database design. Julian Date attributes contain calendar dates stored in a special format known as the _____ date format. unique A(n) ________ index is an index in which the index key can have only one pointer value (row) associated with it. foreign The proper use of _______ keys is crucial to controlling data redundancy. table You can think of a _______ as a persistent representation of a logical relation. RDBMSs _______ enforce integrity rules automatically. warehousing Proper data ________ design requires carefully defined and controlled data redundancies to function properly. synonym In a database context, a(n) _____ indicates the use of different names to describe the same attribute. flags To avoid nulls, some designers use special codes, known as _______ , to indicate the absence of some value. 1:1 One characteristic of generalization hierarchies is that they are implemented as ______ relationships. system catalog The _____ is actually a system-created database whose tables store the user/designercreated database characteristics and contents. derived The decision to store _____ attributes in database tables depends on the processing requirements and the constraints placed on a particular application. small circle In Crow's Foot notation, an optional relationship between entities is shown by drawing a(n) _______ on the side of the optional entity.