Infant and Toddler Education and Care Test Bank Actual Questions and Answers with complete solution

Infant and Toddler Education and Care Test Bank Actual Questions and Answers with complete solution Which of the following methods of providing feedback is most likely useful for a child? Ans- giving a clear message Which of the following sentences best defines the term "positive reinforcement?" Ans- it is a response to a behavior that strengthens the chances of its recurrence Stress and frustration are an important part of infant-toddler education. Ans- true Infants and toddlers need to know they can influence the people and things around them. Ans- true Identify a true statement about the role of adults in infant-toddler education Ans- they should model behavior that they want a child to imitate The most effective way to help a child learn new behavior is to ___________ Ans- model it Formal written observations are called ____________ and involve carefully and objectively noting everything that happens as it happens Ans- running records Teaching behavior is always more effective than modeling it Ans- false which of the following statements acknowledges a child's inner delight Ans- you must feel good about washing your hands by yourself Describe the four skills used by adults as they direct and respond to infant-toddler problem solving. Provide an example that illustrates each of these skills. Ans- 1. Determining optimum stress levels. This is observing and deciding how much stress is too much, too little, and just right. For example, a child is having trouble putting a puzzle in its place. The adult can reduce the frustration by giving a nudge or comment enough so that the child can continue to work to solve the problem. 2. Providing attention. This is meeting children's needs for attention without manipulative motives. For example, the caregiver could say, "John, you let me talk to Joe without interrupting. You are doing a good job waiting." 3. Providing feedback. This is giving clear feedback so that infants and toddlers learn the consequences of their actions. For example, "John it hurts when you bite me. I do not like it." 4. Modeling. This is setting a good example for infants and toddlers. For example, a child is hitting a baby doll in the face. The caregiver can show the child and using words as "gentle, soft touches, with her hands. She can ask the child for his/her hand and do the same thing. Which of the following statements acknowledges a child's inner delight Ans- you must feel good about washing your hands by yourself The most effective way to help a child learn new behavior is to _________ Ans- model it In an infant-toddler curriculum, the primary role of a caregiver is to ____________ Ans- facilitate problem-solving skills Standing back and observing children's abilities to figure something out is a way of allowing them to gain feedback on their own without adult input Ans- true Some infant group care programs would actually benefit from reducing environmental stimulation Ans- true How is infant stimulation be different from infant education Ans- Infant stimulation is when the infant needs to perceive their own involvement in simulating experiences. Their involvement comes from when they are able to interact with people and things that are part of the experience. Infant and toddler education is when infants are not provided particular activities or predetermined outcomes. Explain and give examples of how the right kind of attention should be provided to infants and toddlers. Include evidence from the text to support your examples. Ans- A caregiver should ignore an undesirable behavior as long as it does not involve someone getting hurt. The caregiver should pay lots of attention to behavior that is desirable. For example, a toddler or infant is throwing "soft" ball in the air. This can be ignored. The toddler walking in the house instead of running. The caregiver could say, "John, I saw you walking in the house. That makes me happy." An infant screams every time you look away. The caregiver can smile or acknowledge the infant when he/she is playing. For example, the caregiver is repeating words, sounds, and facial expressions back to the infant in play. There are two types of caregiver presence mentioned in chapter 2. They are Ans- active and receptive What does "responsive, relationship-based curriculum" mean to you? What does this curriculum look like in the infant-toddler environment? Describe caregiver behaviors that reflect this type of curriculum Ans- Responsive, relationship-based curriculum means that when a caregiver responds to infants and toddlers in a respectful way, building relationships, while providing learning opportunities and experiences. These may be from planned or on the spot learning. Teachers need to have an understanding in child development. They also need to have observation skills to be responsive minute by minute and over time. The need to be able to reflect and make adjustments based on the individual child's needs. They need to plan environments and experiences. The caregiver needs to have goals or desired results which relate to the whole child to be able to reach their desired goals and potential. These are related to the mind, body, and feelings. They need to adapt to the environments and experiences that work for developing children no matter of physical, mental or emotional challenges in the program. Children thrive on constant praise Ans- false Infants and toddlers need to know they can influence the people and things around them Ans- true Providing attention Ans- meeting children's needs without manipulative motives modeling Ans- setting good examples for infants and toddlers providing feedback Ans- giving clear statements to help children learn the consequences of their actions How does a caregiver decide what is enough stress for an infant or toddler Ans- all of the answers are correct Teachers must be able to adapt teaching strategies and care routines to meet the individual needs of infants and toddlers in their care, including those with special needs Ans- true How do children learn to get attention from others Ans- all of the answers are correct Caregivers should take good records so that they can see an emerging developmental profile from each child they work with Ans- true Respectful and responsive infant-toddler curriculum is based primarily on Ans- relationships A practice that fits research and child development. principles but does not fit some children and their families cannot be called a culturally appropriate practice in the larger sense Ans- true Young children have the capacity to solve many problems Ans- true Adults should never assist a child with problem-solving Ans- false By talking naturally to a child, you teach __________ Ans- all of the answers are correct The philosophy of infant-toddler care and education stressed in this book comes from the work of Ans- magda gerber and emmi pikler wants-something quality time Ans- caregiver is fully available and gently directing the child during diapering, feeding and grooming floor time Ans- when a child exhibits difficult behavior, the caregiver provides one to one non-directive attention wants nothing quality time Ans- caregiver is fully available without directing the action What are the benefits of floor time? Do you thing being receptive and responsive are skill most adults need to learn? Why or why not? Ans- Benefits of floor time include giving more attention to the child displaying the behavior. The child is receiving one on one attention for a period of time. Their are interesting toys available. The caregiver waits for the child to act, then he/she responds. Yes, adults need to be responsive and receptive. The adult needs to be aware of what the child needs in any circumstances. The adult also needs to respond to the child and not wait awhile until he/she is ready. By then the child has either. moved on or felt unworthy or has portrayed behavioral problems. This chapter discusses the 10 principles of respectful caregiving. These principles emphasize that ____________ deserve the same respect as adults Ans- infants and toddlers A practice that fits research and child development principles but does not fit some children and their families cannot be called a culturally appropriate practice in the larger sense Ans- true Explain the three-R interactions. Describe a caregiving interaction that is reflective of a three-R interaction. Analyze your example, and identify the ways that the caregiver demonstrated respect, responsiveness, and reciprocity Ans- Responsive, respectful, and reciprocal are the three R interactions. Responsive is when a caregiver responds to the child and vice versa. Reciprocal is when there is a whole chain of responses going back and forth between the caregiver and the infant/toddler. Respectful is a way of treating something or someone. A caregiver interaction that is a reflection of all 3 R interactions is attending to a child that fell down the steps and scraped his knees. You show respect when you acknowledge, and ask if you can look at his scraped knees. You show responsive by pausing and waiting for the child's response and continue to engage in back and forth interaction in response to the child's cues. You show respect by letting the toddler know what you are going to do before you do it. For example, "I'm going to wash you knees with soap and water to get the germs out." Encourage the child's participation whenever possible. For example, "Would you like to help me wash your knees?" How do adults support infants and toddlers problem-solving in group settings? Explain how scaffolding helps Ans- The caregiver's role is to give the child time and freedom to work on the problem. That means not responding to every frustration immediately. Scaffolding helps when an adult structures a situation so that the problem solving is encouraged and supported. Sometimes scaffolding requires a little assistance. Infant-toddler curriculum is distinctly different from preschool and early-elementary curriculum. List the characteristics that make infant-toddler curriculum unique, and explain why it is a legitimate course of study Ans- The curriculum means that the child not only gives input but also is actually in charge of .................................