HCB Test 2 184 Questions With Complete Solutions Updated 2024/2025 (100% VERIFIED)

What's does infection control involve? correct answer: taking steps to prevent the spread of infectious agents Antibacterial correct answer: directed or effective against bacteria (KILLS) antiseptic correct answer: preventing or arresting the growth of microorganisms Asepsis correct answer: the condition of being aseptic (absence of pathogens growing) aseptic technique correct answer: preventing infection (reduces the risk of infection) Bacteria correct answer: single cell microorganism that multiplies rapidly blood-borne pathogen correct answer: A specific causative agent of disease located in the blood (HIV or hepatitis) contagious disease correct answer: infectious disease that is spread through contact with one who has it, with bodily discharge or an object touched by that person contaminated correct answer: to soil, stain, or infect by contact or association (presence of blood or other material that is infectious or potentially infectious) direct contact correct answer: union of body surfaces disinfectant correct answer: free from infection (kills agent but not spores) disinfection correct answer: process that eliminates agent but not spores fungi correct answer: kingdom of parasitic spore-producing eukaryotic that lacks chlorophyll (molds, rust, mildew) Health care-associated infections (HAIs) correct answer: Nosocomial infection that occurs in a hospital, happens within 72 hours of being admitted, mostly due to lack of care infection correct answer: infective agent contaminated with an infective agent isolation correct answer: separation for a period of time to prevent or limit transmission of infectious agent microorganism correct answer: organism of microscopic or ultramicroscopic size pathogen correct answer: disease or virus that produces infection Standard Precautions correct answer: group of infection prevention that applies to all patients HCB Test 2 184 Questions With Complete Solutions Updated 2024/2025 Infection Control Concepts correct answer: standard precautions are concepts in which all body fluids are assumed to be infected with blood-borne pathogens chain of infection correct answer: sequence of events that must occur to develop an infection Infectious Agent (pathogen) correct answer: disease causing microorganism What are the common types of infectious agents? correct answer: bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and helminths bacteria correct answer: multiply rapidly, can transmit to each other viruses correct answer: DNA or RNA encased in protein, cannot reproduce outside of a living host cell protozoa correct answer: unicellular microorganisms that infect the blood, brain, etc helminths correct answer: parasitic worms reservoir correct answer: the place where pathogens grow, could or could not multiply portal of exit correct answer: a route for pathogens to leave the host mode of transmission correct answer: the way the infectious agent moves to another source what is the most frequent source of HAIs? correct answer: contact what are the two types of contact? correct answer: direct and indirect direct contact correct answer: person to person or source to host indirect contact correct answer: Contact with contaminated inanimate objects vector transmission correct answer: through a bite droplet infection correct answer: through droplets from an infected person when projected a short distance airborne transmission correct answer: when infectious particles are dispersed in the air and inhaled by the host portal of entry correct answer: where the pathogen enters True or False any portal of exit can not be a portal of entry correct answer: false susceptible host correct answer: a person who becomes sick after a pathogen has entered the body, cannot fight the pathogen What is the single most effective method of preventing the spread of disease causing microorganisms? correct answer: hand washing soap correct answer: aids in removal of organisms antimicrobial correct answer: kills growth of microorganisms How much soap should you apply when washing hands? correct answer: 3-5 mL How long should you wash your hands? correct answer: 15 seconds to 2 minutes Airborne precautions correct answer: designed to reduce risk of airborne transmission of infectious agents who does the airborne precautions apply to? correct answer: patients who are known to be infected by a pathogen or suspected to be infected by the airborne route what equipment would you wear to prevent airborne transmission? correct answer: exam mask, N95 What are contact precautions? correct answer: designed to reduce risk of transmission of microorganisms through direct or indirect contact what equipment would you wear to prevent contact transmission? correct answer: exam gloves and isolation gown What are droplet precautions? correct answer: designed to reduce the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents how far do infectious droplets travel? correct answer: 3 feet or less through the air what equipment would you wear to prevent droplet transmission? correct answer: gown, mask, protective eyewear, surgical cap, shoe covers, gloves medical asepsis correct answer: used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms (clean technique) surgical asepsis correct answer: used to eliminate all microorganisms, pathogens, and spores from an object or area (sterile technique) what are the four rules of surgical asepsis? correct answer: 1. know what is sterile 2. know what is not sterile 3. separate sterile from unsterile 4. remedy contamination immediately what is considered be outside the sterile field? correct answer: one inch vital signs correct answer: signs necessary to life used to evaluate a patient's condition temperature correct answer: measure of the amount of heat below the skin fever correct answer: elevated body temperature febrile correct answer: with fever afebrile correct answer: without fever hypothermia correct answer: body temp below normal hyperthermia correct answer: body temp above normal pulse correct answer: regular expansion and contraction of the artery produced by waves of pressure when the heart beats tachicardia correct answer: abnormally rapid heartbeat, above 100 bradycardia correct answer: abnormally slow heartbeat, below 60 thready pulse correct answer: weak and rapid pulse bounding pulse correct answer: unusually strong pulse arrhythmia correct answer: pulse with irregular rhythm respiration correct answer: exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and body cells inhalation correct answer: taking air into the lungs exhalation correct answer: expelling air out of the lungs dyspnea correct answer: difficult breathing apnea correct answer: absence of breathing tachypnea correct answer: excessively rapid breathing respiration correct answer: measurement of one inhalation and one exhalation blood pressure correct answer: the force that circulating blood exerts against artery walls as the heart contracts and relaxes systolic pressure correct answer: created in the arteries when the heart contracts and forces blood out in to circulation diastolic pressure correct answer: pressure remaining in the arteries when the heart relaxes perfusion correct answer: flow of blood through tissues, providing them with oxygen and nutrients, and removing waste products hypotension correct answer: abnormally low blood pressure; could cause insufficient perfusion of internal organs hypertension correct answer: abnormally high blood pressure, could cause ruptures to the arteries and destruction of organs B/P correct answer: blood pressure