Exam Cram NCLEX-PN PRACTICE QUESTIONS and answers 2023

Exam Cram NCLEX-PN PRACTICE QUESTIONS and answers 2023 the nurse is caring for a client scheduled for removal of a pituitary tumor using the transsphenoidal approach. the nurse should be particularly alert to: A. Nasal congestion B. Abdominal Tenderness C. Muscle Tetany D. Oliguria - A. Nasal congestion why? removal of the pituitary gland is usually done by transsphernoidal approach through the nose. Nasal congestion further interferes with the airway. A client with cancer is a, admitted to the oncology unit. Stat lab values revel Hgb 12.6, WBC 6500, K+1.9, uric acid 7.0, Na+136, and platelets 178,000. The nurse evaluates that the client is experiencing which of the following? A. Hypernatremia B. Hypokalemia C. Myelosuppression D. Leukocytosis - B. Hypokalemia why? Hypokalemia is evident from the lab values listed. The other laboratory findings are within normal limits. making answers A,C and D incorrect A 24 year-old female client is scheduled for surgery in the morning. Which of the following is the primary responsibility of the nurse? A. taking the vital signs B. obtaining the permit C. explaining the procedure D. Checking the lab work - A. taking the vital signs why? the primary responisblity of the nurse is to take the vital signs before any surgery. answers B,C and D are the responsibility of the doctor. The nurse is working in the emergency room when a client arrives with severe burns of the left arm, hands, face, and neck. which action should receive priority? A. starting an IV? B. Applying oxygen C.Obtaining blood gas D. Medicating the client foe pain - B. Applying oxygen why? the client with burns to the neck needs airway assessments and supplemental oxygen, so applying oxygen is priority. the next action should be to start an IV and medicate for pain. The nurse is visiting a home health client with osteoporosis. The client has a new prescription for alendronate (Fosamax). Which instructions should be given to the client A. rest in bed after taking the medication for at least 30 mins B. Avoid rapid movements after taking the medication C. Take medication with water only D. Allow at least 1 hour between taking the medicine and taking other medications - C. Take medication with water only why? Fosmax should be taken with water only. The client should also remain upright for at least 30 mins after taking the medication. The nurse is making initial rounds on a client with a C5 fracture and crutchfield thongs. Which equipment should be kept at the bedside? A. A pair of forceps B. A torque wrench C. A pair or wire cutters D. A screwdriver - B. A torque wrench why? A tourque wrench is kept at the bedside to tighten and loosen the screws of crutchfield tongs. This wrench controls the amount of pressure that is placed on the screws. An infant weighs 7 pounds at birth. The excpectd weight by 1 year should be: A. 10 pounds B.12 pounds C. 18 pounds D. 21 pounds - D. 21 pounds why? A birth weight of 7 pounds would indicate 21 pounds in 1 year or triple the his birth weight. A client is admitted with a Ewing's sacroma. which symptoms would be expected due to this tumor's location? A. Hemiplegia B. Aphasia C. Nausea D. Bone Pain - D. Bone Pain why? Sacroma is a type of bone cancer, therefor, bone pain would be expected The nurse is caring for a client with epilepsy who is being treated with carbamazepine (Tegretol). Which labatory value might be a indicate a serious side effect of this drug? A. Uric acid of 5mg/dL B. Hematoccrit of 33% C. WBC 2,000 per cubic millimeter D. Platelets 150,000 per cubic millimeter - C. WBC 2,000 per cubic millimeter why? Tegratol can suppress the bone marrow and decrease the white blood cells count; thus, a lab value of WBC 2,000 per cubic millimeter indicates side effects of the drug. A 6-month-old client is admitted with possible intussuception. Which question during the nursing history is least helpful in obtaining information regarding this diagnosis? A. "tell me about the pain" B."what does his vomit look like?" C." Describe his usual diet." D. " have you noticed changes in his adominal size?" - C." Describe his usual diet." why? The least-helpful questions are those describing his usual diet. A, B, and D are useful in determining the extent of disease process and thus, are incorrect The nurse is assisting a client with diverticulosis to select appropiate foods. Which food should be avoided? A. Bran B. Fresh Peaches C. Cucumber salad D. Yeast Rolls - C. Cucumber salad why? the client with diverticulitis should avoid foods with seeds. A client has rectal cancer and is scheduled for an abdominal perineal resection. What should be the priority nursing care during the post-op period? A. Teaching how to irrigate the illeostomy B. Stopping electrolytes loss in the incisional area C. Encouraging a high fiber diet D. Facilitating perineal wound drainage - D. Facilitating perineal wound drainage why? the client with a perineal resection will have a perineal incision. Drains will be used to facilitate wound drainage. This will help prevent infection of the surgical site. The client will not have an illestomy. as in answer A he will have some electrolyte loss, but treatment is not focused on preventing the loss, so answer B is incorrect A high fiber diet in answer C is not ordered at this time. The nurse is performing discharge teaching on a client with diverticulitis who has been placed on low-roughage diet. Which food would have to be eliminated from this client's diet? A. Roasted Chicken B. Noodles C. Cooked Broccoli D. Custard - C. Cooked Broccoli why? the client with diverticulitis should avoid eating foods that are gas forming and that increase abdominal discomfort, such as cooked broccoli. The nurse is caring for a new mother. The mother asks why her baby has lost weight since he was born. The best explanation of the weight loss is: A. The baby is dehydrated due to polyuria. B. The baby is hypoglycemic due to glucose. C. The baby is allergic to the formula the mother is giving him. D. The baby can lose up to 10% of weight due to meconium still, loss of extracelluar fluid, and initiation of breast-feeding. - D. The baby can lose up to 10% of weight due to meconium still, loss of extraceullar fluid, and initiation of breast-feeding. why? After birth, meconium stool, loss of extracellular fluid, and initiation of breastfeeding cause the infant to lose body mass. There is no evidence to indicate dehydration, hypoglycemia, or allergy to the infant formula The nurse if caring for a client with laryngeal cancer. Which finding ascertained in the health history would not be common for this diagnosis? A. Foul breath B. Dysphagia C. Diarrhea D. Chronic hiccups - C. Diarrhea why? Diarrhea is not common in clients with mouth and throat cancer A removal of the left lower lobe of the lung is performed on a client with lung cancer. Which post-operative measure would usually be included? A. Closed chest drainage B. A tracheostomy C. A mediastinal tube D. Percussion vibration and drainage - A. A closed chest drainage why? The client with a lung resection will have chest tubes and a drainage-collection device. He probably will not have a tracheoostomy or mediastinal tube, and he will not have an order for percussion, vibration, or drainage. Six hours after birth, the infant is found to have an areas of swelling over the right parietal area that does not cross the suture line. The nurse should chart this finding as: A. A cephalohematoma B. Molding C. Subdural hematoma D. Caput succedaneum - A. A cephalohematoma why? The swelling over the right parietal area is a cephalohematoma, an area of bleeding outside the cranium. This type of hematoma does not cross the suture line because it's outside the cranium but beneath the periosteum. The nurse is assisting the RN with discharge instructions for a client with an implantable defibrillator. What discharge instruction is essential? A. "You cannot eat food prepared in a microwave." B. "You should avoid moving the should on the side of the pacemaker site for 6 weeks." C. "You should use your cellphone on your right side." D. "You will not be able to fly on a commercial airliner with the defibrillator in place." - C. "You should use your cellphone on your right side." why? The client with an internal defibrilliator should learn to use any battery operated machinery on the opposite side. He should also take his pulse rate and report dizziness or fainting. A client in the cardiac step-down unit requires suctioning for excess mucous secretions. The nurse should be most careful to monitor the client for which dysrhythmia during this procedure? A. Bradycardia B. Tachycardia C. Premature ventricular beats D. Heart block - A. Bradycardia why? Suctioning can cause a vagal response and bradycardia. The nurse is caring for a client scheduled for a surgical repair of a sacular abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which assessment is most crucial during the preoperative period? A. Assessment of the client's level of anxiety. B. Evaluation of the client's exercise tolerance C. Identification of peripheral pulses. D. Assessment of bowel sounds and activity. - C. Identification of peripheral pulses why? The assessment that is most crucial to the client is identification of peripheral pulses because aorta is clammed during surgery. This decreases blood circulation to the kidneys and lower extremities. The nurse must also assess for the return of circulation to the lower extremities.