Egan's Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions.

Egan's Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions. You are planning a patient transport that will take approximately 1 hr. The patient requires manual ventilation with 10 L/min of O2. What is the minimum number of full E cylinders you would take with you? 2 *duration of flow (min) = Pressure (psig) × Cylinder factor/Flow (L/min) Which of the following is an expected role of a respiratory therapist? 1. Promoting lung health & wellness 2. Providing patient education 3. Assessing the patient's cardiopulmonary health status 4. Selling oxygen (O2) therapy devices to patients 1, 2, & 3 only When was synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) first introduced? 1975 What was the name for the first professional organization for the field of respiratory care? Inhalation Therapy Association (ITA) The majority of respiratory care education programs in the United States offer what degree? Associate's degree Due to the aging of the majority of the population, which of the following will be the focus of the Respiratory Therapist of the future? 1. verifying insurance information 2. disease management & rehabilitation 3. patient & family education 4. tobacco education & smoking cessation 2, 3, & 4 Respiratory care education programs are reviewed by which committee to ensure quality? Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC) A therapist who says "You seem to be anxious about your surgery" to a patient just admitted for bypass surgery is using what interpersonal communication technique? reflecting feelings Which of the following organisms are destroyed by a disinfection agent? 1. gram-negative cocci 2. bacterial spores 3. gram-positive rods 4. viruses 1, 3, & 4 only What is the minimum recommended time for handwashing in the healthcare environment? 15 sec Which of the following diseases travel through droplet mode? influenza What ethical issue has recently become a significant concern for respiratory therapists and all health care providers due to a congressional act? Patient's right to privacy When a respiratory patient defers a patient's questions about a condition to the attending physician, what ethical principle is being practiced? role fidelity What branch of law is concerned with the recognition and enforcement of the rights and duties of private individuals and organizations? Civil If a respiratory therapist refers a Medicare patient to a particular home care company ad receives a finder's fee in return, this is an example of Medicare fraud Which of the following would be the worst heat conductor? Air Which of the following are true of liquids? 1. they are easy to compress 2. they exert pressure 3. they exert buoyant force 4. they conform to their containers 2, 3, & 4 only What is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding atmosphere? boiling point Which of the following are true about molecular water vapor? 1. water vapor exhibits kinetic energy 2. molecular water can be seen 3. water vapor exerts pressure 1 & 3 only Which of the following represents a direct measure of the kinetic activity of water vapor molecules? water vapor pressure A gas at 50°C with a relative humidity of 100% is cooled to 37°C. Which of the following will occur? 1. condensation on surfaces 2. visible droplet formation 3. warming of the adjacent air 1, 2, & 3 A combination of neutral atoms, free electrons, and atomic nuclei describes plasma. For every liquid there is a temperature above which the kinetic activity of its molecules is so great that the attractive forces cannot keep them in a liquid state. This temperature is called the critical temperature What physical principle underlies most fluid circuitry? Coanda effect Which of the following compares the clinical outcomes of two groups? Cohort studies What is the primary indication for tracheal suctioning? retention of secretions While suctioning a patient, you observe an abrupt change in the electrocardiogram waveform being displayed on the cardiac monitor. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate? stop suctioning and immediately administer oxygen Before the suctioning of a patient, auscultation reveals coarse breath sounds during both inspiration and expiration. After suctioning, coarseness disappears, but expiratory wheezing is heard over both lung fields. What is most likely the problem? The patient has hyperactive airways and has developed bronchospasm Before beginning an extubation procedure, the practitioner should check and confirm the operation of which of the following? 1. laryngoscope light source 2. Endotracheal tube cuff 3. Suction equipment 4. Cardiac Defibrillator 1, 2, & 3 only To make oral intubation easier, how should the patient's head and neck be positioned? Flexed neck with towel placed What should be the maximum time devoted to any intubation attempt? 30 sec Which of the following bedside methods is the best indicator to confirm proper endotracheal tube position in the trachea? CO2 monitor What is the primary indication for tracheostomy? when a patient has a long-term need for an artificial airway What is the most common sign associated with the transient glottic edema or vocal cord inflammation that follows extubation? stridor Which of the following is likely to increase the likelihood of damage to the tracheal mucosa? Maintaining cuff pressures between 20 to 30 mmHg What is the leading cause of death among adults over 40 in the United States? Sudden cardiac arrest You enter an adult's room and find her collapsed on the floor near the bed. When you shake her and shout, "Are you OK?" there is no response. What should be your next, immediate step be? Call for help (call a code). For chest compressions to be effective, in what position must the patient be placed? Horizontal supine, on a flat surface Which of the following is a proper rate of external chest compressions for adults? 100/min The automatic external defibrillator will indicate that a shock is needed if it detects which of the following rhythms? 1. Bradycardia 2. Atrial fibrillation 3. Ventricular fibrillation 4. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia 3 & 4 only During CPR, a properly positioned endotracheal tube can do which of the following? 1. Isolate and protect the lower airway from aspiration. 2. Permit suctioning of the trachea and main stem bronchi. 3. Facilitate positive-pressure ventilation and oxygenation. 4. Provide a route for administration of selected drug agents. 1, 2, 3, & 4 Which of the following is the drug of choice for a patient with stable ventricular tachycardia? Adenosine What is the ideal route for the administration of most drugs used in emergency life-support situations? Peripheral intravenous line What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in unconscious patients? Tongue falling back into the pharynx What is the best way to increase CPR survival rates in the field? Provide early defibrillation. What is the leading risk factor for the development of COPD? Cigarette smoking It is not clear whether your patient has COPD or asthma. Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with the diagnosis of asthma? Reversal of the FEV1 after the use of a bronchodilator Which of the following medications is indicated for regular use in patients with stable COPD? Corticosteroids Which of the following symptoms are typical symptoms of asthma? 1. Cough 2. Shortness of breath 3. Chest tightness 4. Chest pain 1, 2, & 3 only An asthma patient's best effort produces a PEFR of 55% of personal best. What is indicated at this time? Patient should probably seek medical attention right now. What is the primary goal of humidity therapy? Maintain normal physiologic conditions. Administration of dry gases at flows exceeding 4 L/min can cause which of the following? 1. Structural 2. Heat loss 3. Water loss 1, 2, & 3 Inhalation of dry gases can do which of the following? 1. Increase viscosity of secretions 2. Impair mucociliary motility 3. Increase airway iritability 1, 2, & 3 Clinical indications for delivering cool humidified gas include which of the following? 1. Postextubation edema 2. Upper airway inflammation 3. Croup (laryngotracheal bronchitis) 4. Epiglottitis 1, 2, 3, & 4 What device adds molecular water to gas? Humidifier The greater the temperature of gas, the more water vapor it can hold Which of the following types of humidifiers are used in clinical practice? 1. heat and moisture exchanger 2. Passover humidifier 3. Bubble humidifier 1, 2, & 3 Heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) are mainly used to do what? Warm and humid gases delivered to the trachea via ventilator circuits. What is the most common device used to generate bland aerosols? Large-volume jet nebulizers Indications for warming inspired gases including which of the following? 1. Treating a patient whose airways are reactive to cold 2. Providing humidification when the upper airway is bypassed 3. Treating a patient with a low body temperature (hypothermia) 4. Reducing upper airway inflammation or swelling 1, 2, & 3 only