Chapter 11 Egan's Testbank Questions With 100% Correct Answers.

Chapter 11 Egan's Testbank Questions With 100% Correct Answers. 1. What is the primary function of the lungs? a. Convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II. b. Filter pulmonary blood. c. Gas exchange. d. Remove carbon monoxide (CO). Gas exchange. 2. During each cycle of normal resting ventilation, a volume of gas is moved into and out of the respiratory tract. This cyclical volume is called the: a. inspiratory reserve volume (IRV). b. vital capacity (VC). c. residual volume (RV). d. tidal volume (VT). tidal volume (VT). 3. Which of the following pressures vary throughout the normal breathing cycle? 1. Alveolar pressure (Palv) 2. Body surface pressure (Pbs) 3. Mouth pressure (Pao) 4. Pleural pressure (Ppl) a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 b. 2, 3, and 4 only c. 2 and 4 only d. 1 and 4 only 1 and 4 only 4. Which of the following pressures normally remains negative (relative to atmospheric pressure) during quiet breathing? a. Palv b. Ppl c. Pao d. Pbs Ppl 5. Which of the following pressure gradients is responsible for the actual flow of gas into and out of the lungs during breathing? a. Transcanadian pressure gradient (Ppc - Pks) b. Transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv - Ppl) c. Transrespiratory pressure gradient (Palv - Pao) d. Transthoracic pressure gradient (Ppl - Pbs) Transrespiratory pressure gradient (Palv - Pao) 6. Which of the following pressure gradients is responsible for maintaining alveolar inflation? a. Transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv - Ppl) b. Transthoracic pressure gradient (Ppl - Pbs) c. Transcardiac pressure gradient (Pca - Palv) d. Transrespiratory pressure gradient (Palv - Pao) Transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv - Ppl) 7. Which of the following statements about alveolar pressure (Palv) during normal quiet breathing is true? a. It is positive during inspiration and negative during expiration. b. It is the same as intrapleural pressure (Ppl). c. It is negative during inspiration and positive during expiration. d. It always remains less than atmospheric pressure. It is negative during inspiration and positive during expiration. 8. What happens during normal inspiration? 1. The Ppl increases further below atmospheric pressure. 2. The transpulmonary pressure gradient widens. 3. Palv drops below that at the airway opening. a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 only d. 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 9. During normal tidal ventilation, the transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv - Ppl) reaches its maximum value at what point in the cycle? a. Midinspiration b. End-expiration c. End-inspiration d. Mid-expiration End-inspiration 10. During expiration, why does gas flow out from the lungs to the atmosphere? a. Palv is less than at the airway opening. b. Palv is the same as at the airway opening. c. Palv is greater than at the airway opening. d. Airway pressure is greater than Palv. Palv is greater than at the airway opening. 11. What forces must be overcome to move air into the respiratory system? 1. Tissue movement 2. Elastic forces of lung tissue 3. Airway resistance 4. Surface tension forces a. 1, 2, and 3 only b. 2 and 4 only c. 4 only d. 1, 2, 3, and 4 1, 2, 3, and 4 12. What term is used to note the difference between inspiratory lung volume and expiratory lung volume at any given pressure? a. Alveolar aphasia b. Hysteresis c. Pleural pressure variance d. Transpulmonary pressures Hysteresis 13. Which of the following are effects of surface tension forces in the air-filled lung? 1. It increases the elastic recoil of the lung (promoting collapse). 2. It makes the lung harder to inflate than if it were filled with fluid. 3. It decreases the lung's elasticity as volume increases. a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3 1 and 2 only 14. The presence of surfactant in the alveoli tends to do which of the following? a. Decrease compliance b. Decrease surface tension c. Increase elastance d. Increase resistance Decrease surface tension 15. How is compliance calculated? a. Change in pressure/change in flow b. Change in pressure/change in volume c. Change in volume/change in flow d. Change in volume/change in pressure Change in volume/change in pressure 16. Normal lung compliance is approximately which of the following? a. 0.01 L/cm H2O b. 0.20 L/cm H2O c. 2.00 L/cm H2O d. 10.00 L/cm H2O 0.20 L/cm H2O 17. A lung that loses elastic fibers would exhibit which of the following characteristics? a. Decreased airways resistance b. Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance c. Increased airway resistance d. Increased pulmonary compliance Increased pulmonary compliance 18. A fibrotic lung would exhibit which of the following characteristics? a. Decreased airway resistance b. Decreased lung compliance c. Decreased PVR d. Decreased surface tension Decreased lung compliance 19. What occurs at a lung volume equivalent to the functional residual capacity (FRC)? 1. The forces of the chest wall and lungs are in balance. 2. Chest wall expansion is offset by lung contraction. 3. Opposing chest wall-lung forces generate negative Ppl. a. 1, 2, and 3 b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 2 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3 20. At approximately what point during a maximum inspiration does the chest wall reach its natural resting level? a. Approximately 30% of the VC b. Approximately 40% of the total lung capacity (TLC) c. Approximately 70% of the VC d. Approximately 90% of the VC Approximately 70% of the VC 21. Exhalation below the resting level requires active muscular effort in order to overcome what tendency? a. The airways to collapse b. The alveoli to expand c. The chest wall to expand d. The lungs to expand The chest wall to expand 22. In order to inspire to a lung volume greater than approximately 70% of TLC, the inspiratory muscles must overcome: a. the recoil of the lungs. b. the recoil of both the lungs and the chest wall. c. the recoil of both the chest walls. d. the recoil of the alveoli. the recoil of both the lungs and the chest wall. 23. Total lung-thorax compliance in normal subjects is about what level? a. 0.1 L/cm H2O b. 0.2 L/cm H2O c. 1.0 L/cm H2O