Patient Care Exam 1 Solved 100% Correct!!

Patient Care Exam 1 Solved 100% Correct!! Ergonomics Study of human body in relation to the working environment Common healthcare worker injuries Musculoskeltal disorders: repetitive motion injuries, repetitive strain injuries, cumulative trauma disorders Radiology injuries Back strain from moving patients, neck and shoulder strains and rotator cuff tears from reaching, spinal stress and RSIs from sitting and performing computerized modalities, RMIs and RSIs due to required movements, equipment design and poor posture. Three concepts of body mechanics Base of support, center of gravity, line of gravity OSHA Occupational safety and health administration Good body mechanics Apply combined strength of legs, arms, and abdomen to protect the back. Adjust height of work surface, use a cart to move heavy a heavy load or get help, and push rather than pull heavy objects. Considerations for patient transfer ALL in patients must be moved from one department to another by wheeled transport. (wheelchair, stretcher, bed, crib) Preparation for patient transfer 1. Examination requisitions state mode of transportation for patient 2. Obtain equipment, check safety and function 3. Check in at nurse's station 4. Establish correct identity of patient 5. Plan what to do, check area for attached equipment, enlist patients help/obtain additional help as needed Orthostatic hypotension Decrease in oxygen supply the brain caused by changes in the body position; may cause patient to feel light-headed or to faint. Common reasons for fall When patient backs into wheelchair to sit. Chair may roll away if not locked, may miss edge of chair, may tip chair by being too close to the edge. Special considerations for wheelchair transfer Stroke patients, fractures of lower extremities, knee replacement, hip replacement. Support weak side and patient will lead with strong side. Draw sheet transfer Single sheet folded in half placed under patient over middle third of the bed. Slider board transfer Strong sheet of smooth plastic large enough to support the patients body with handholds cut into the edges Signs of neurological/circulatory damage Pain, coldness, numbness, burning or tingling of fingers or toes, swelling, skin color changes, inability to move fingers or toes, decrease in or absence of pulses. Bedpan Gloves and tissues ready, patient raises hips, keep patient covered, damp and dry towel, check chart before disposing urine. Fire prevention Keeping all three elements that cause a fire to burn away from eachother (flammable substance, oxygen, heat) Extinguishing fire Remove at least one of the key elements. ie adding water, smothering, wrapping blanket around person whose clothes are on fire Causes of fire Spontaneous combustion, open flames, cigarette smokers, electricity* Spontaneous combustion Caused by chemical reaction in or near a flammable material. Uncommon in hospital Smoking Most hospitals prohibit this, so not a common hazard in hospitals Electrical A concern in many departments of a hospital because of the electrical devices used; if fire starts, turn off electricity at main breaker, call for qualified assistance, and stand by with proper fire extinguisher Oxygen and fire hazard Oxygen supports combustion, extreme caution when using equipment with oxygen around, be familiar with on and off switches Paging code for fire Dr. red RACE Rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish R in RACE Rescue- coordinate with nursing staff and remove patients from danger A in RACE Alarm- activate alarm system C in RACE Contain- close any open doors to limit O2 supply, close other doors E in RACE Extinguish/evacuate- from small fires, use fire extinguisher, for larger fires evacuate the area Class A fire extinguisher Solid combustibles (wood or paper) Class B fire extinguisher Flammable liquids and gases Class C fire extinguisher Electrical equipment or wiring PASS Pull pin Aim the nozzle Squeeze the handle Sweep from side to side