PRSA APR EXAM 2023 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS.

PRSA APR EXAM 2023 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS. Universe The number of possible respondents available to draw survey sample from Representative sample Number needed to be representative of the universe. Any universe that is 100,000 or more requires a sample of 384 10-K Annual Report must file 60 days after close of companies fiscal year 10-Q Quarterly financial Report containing unaudited data-filed 35 days after close of first three fiscal quarters 95% Confidence level If the same survey were given repeatedly 95% of the time the results would be the same, falling within the same margin of error 8-K information that needs to be public documented through the SEC-a news release can be qualified. Can triggered by a reporter questions for information that has not been issued publicly. Publically traded organization and/or regulated. Mnemonic: "kant" wait-information Margin of error The range, plus or minus, within which results can vary (the larger the sample the lower the margin of error) Proxy Statement (Form Def 14A) invitation or agenda at for shareholders to advertise the annual meeting. Can cover-proposals for new board members, directors or executives' salaries, bonus and option plans for directors, and declarations by company management. Benchmark Survey Survey that is taken of a large target audience prior to a campaign. Research after campaign can be measured against this Cluster Sample People who are grouped or clustered by something they have in common Content analysis Study of publications, print and electronic media reports to measure and evaluate news coverage of an organization, its people or activities. Attempt to objectively code and describe the content of communication. Depth interviews One-on-one interviews with key respondents Focus group Informal give-and-take sessions in a controlled environment with a small group of people.(Qualitative) Formal methods Research that includes the systematic gathering of scientifically measurable data from representative. samples. Mail survey, telephone survey (Quantitative) Informal methods Exploratory research that is not gathered from scientifically represented samples (focus groups, key influencers, letters/complaints received Regulation Fair Disclosure (2000) all publicly traded companies disclose material information to all investors at the same time (at all levels) Insider Trading Study (1963) Encourages timely disclosure of "material information" Rule 5c (Security Act of 1933) Gag period-registration of securities and led to embargo of publicity materials during a specific timeframe (90 days from registration becomes effective) Think-high 5 for keeping your mouth shut ;) Sarbanes Oxley (2002) Corporate auditing accountability, responsibility, and transparency. mandated a number of reforms to enhance corporate responsibility, enhance financial disclosures and combat corporate and accounting fraud, and created the "Public Company Accounting Oversight Board," to oversee the activities of the auditing profession. Think Oxley-sounds like Auditing/Accounting Fraud Securities Act of 1933 "1. require that investors receive financial and other significant information concerning securities being offered for public sale; and 2. prohibit deceit, misrepresentations, and other fraud in the sale of securities. Mnemonic-1933-investors need info before they can public sale-no lying of fraud." Section 14 of Act of 1934 Solicitation of proxies between official statement and annual meeting. Mnemonic -14 goes with 34 (send proxies to all 14 shareholders?) Lobbying act of 1913 Lobbyists must register with the clerk of the house or secretary of the senate between the first and 10th day of the quarter-includes $ received, names of publications that they published articles/editorials. Violation=$5,000 fine and up to 12 months imprisonment Anti-Trust Sherman/Clayton Act- Illegal to engage in activity that ruins competition. Think Anti-trust=Anti-competition Securities Act of 1934 Created the SEC and gives them the power to register, regulate, and oversee brokerage firms, transfer agents, and clearing agencies as well as the nation's securities self regulatory organizations (SROs) and various stock exchanges.Think-SEC can RROA Register-Regulate-Oversee Agencies/Agents Intercept Interviews Interviews conducted by stopping respondents in a public place, such as a shopping mall Registering as a foreign agent If you represent a foreign government you must register under US government-Originated with Carl Byoir and when he represented the Nazi's Formal Research Examples Systematic formal questionnaires, "statistically representative" Informal Research Examples Focus groups, call-in feedback systems, and online sources Judgmental or purposive Sample A sample based on your best judgment to determine what would be representive (i.e. women 65+) Surveys Systematic information gathered on formal questionnaires to gather information Leading Question A question that leads a respondent to answer in a particular way Open-end Question Questions that allow respondent to answer in their own words rather than choosing from a particular selection Population (same as Universe) The individuals whose opinions are sought in a survey Rule 10 b-5 (Security Exchange Act of 1934) FRAUD. It is your legal responsibility to info is accurate and complete. Think-It would be fraud to say 10 comes "b" fore 5 Primary Research Research you conduct yourself Secondary Research Research reviewed by you but previously conducted by others. Situation Analysis Collection of all data known about the company and the problem/situation. Blackouts You can't do anything with your stock/benefits: Examples political campaigns and HR matters dealing with retirement changes/employee benefits (60-day blackout before you can change your benefits) Random Sample A method of selecting a sample in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. (i.e. every 10th person or names from a hat) Tracking Studies Research conducted at regular intervals among defined populations. PR Audit A review of how an organization wants to be perceived, and an evaluation of what can be done to reconcile the differences. Internal Interview the public relations staff, senior executives, mid management employees on perception issues and communications goals and how organization wants to be perceived. External audit of key external audiences (customers, potential customers, opinion makers) using standard research techniques. Compare internal with external to bridge discrepiensies Two-way concept emphasizes exchanges and mutual understand. An expanded two-way communication includes organizational Public Relations