1
Chronic Exam Prep
Module 1.1
Levels of illness prevention
Primary: Aims to prevent disease and/or injury before it occurs. Done by
preventing exposures to hazards that cause disease, altering unhealthy behaviour
and increasing resistance. E.g education, immunisation,
Secondary: Aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already
occurs. Done by detecting and treating disease or injury as soon as possible to
halt or slow progression. E.g. regular screening
Tertiary prevention: aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that
has lasting effects. E.g rehab, support group
Chronic definition and impacts on health
Chronic: a condition that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting effects. Usually
over 3 months
Impacts on health: pain, fatigue, physical changes that affect appearance, side
effects from management, constant management, financial stress
Risk factors
Modifiable: Smoking, high blood pressure, physical inactivity, being overweight,
high cholesterol, high alcohol use,
Non-modifiable: age, ethnic background, family history, gender
Leading causes of mortality
Non indigenous: All causes, circulatory and neoplasms (equal), other causes,
Respiratory disease
Indigenous: All causes, circulatory, neoplasm, endocrine, metabolic and
nutritional disorders, respiratory diseases
Social determinants of health
• Conditions where people are born, grow, live and work. Shaped by money,
power and resources at global, national and local levels
Cultural determinants of health
• Factors that affect people’s health based on beliefs, identity, cultural
philosophies, practices and values.
National health priority areas in Australia
Diseases with focused attention because of their high social and financial costs
• Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions
• Asthma
• Cancer control
• Cardiovascular health and obesity
• Diabetes mellitus
• Injury prevention and control
• Mental health
, 2
Module 1.2
The national chronic disease strategy
• Provides a framework of national direction for improving chronic disease
prevention and care
Nurses role in prevention and promotion
• Understand determinants of health and risk factors
• Provide information on management of risk factors
• Education for patients to maintain level of wellness
• Advocate for optimum health and wellness of patient
• Identify and promote national health priorities
Individual advocacy in first people’s health
• Advocating for equitable health care for first people’s
• Advocacy can open doors to participation
• It can right wrongs, change the balance of power, address injustice and
Improve health services
• Advocating: speaking on behalf of the sincerely perceived inters of a
person or group
• Health consumers have their needs, rights and interested promoted and
addressed
The national strategic framework for chronic conditions 2017-2025
• Will supersede the national chronic disease strategy (2005)
• To provide an opportunity to consider and review current approaches
• Provide a national direction applicable to a broad range of chronic
conditions, rather than disease-specific approach
• 8 principle: equity, collaboration and partnerships, access, evidence-
based, person-cantered approaches, sustainability, accountability and
transparency and shared responsibility
• Focuses on prevention for a healthier Australia
• Provides effective and appropriate care to support people and optimise
quality of life
Chronic Exam Prep
Module 1.1
Levels of illness prevention
Primary: Aims to prevent disease and/or injury before it occurs. Done by
preventing exposures to hazards that cause disease, altering unhealthy behaviour
and increasing resistance. E.g education, immunisation,
Secondary: Aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already
occurs. Done by detecting and treating disease or injury as soon as possible to
halt or slow progression. E.g. regular screening
Tertiary prevention: aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that
has lasting effects. E.g rehab, support group
Chronic definition and impacts on health
Chronic: a condition that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting effects. Usually
over 3 months
Impacts on health: pain, fatigue, physical changes that affect appearance, side
effects from management, constant management, financial stress
Risk factors
Modifiable: Smoking, high blood pressure, physical inactivity, being overweight,
high cholesterol, high alcohol use,
Non-modifiable: age, ethnic background, family history, gender
Leading causes of mortality
Non indigenous: All causes, circulatory and neoplasms (equal), other causes,
Respiratory disease
Indigenous: All causes, circulatory, neoplasm, endocrine, metabolic and
nutritional disorders, respiratory diseases
Social determinants of health
• Conditions where people are born, grow, live and work. Shaped by money,
power and resources at global, national and local levels
Cultural determinants of health
• Factors that affect people’s health based on beliefs, identity, cultural
philosophies, practices and values.
National health priority areas in Australia
Diseases with focused attention because of their high social and financial costs
• Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions
• Asthma
• Cancer control
• Cardiovascular health and obesity
• Diabetes mellitus
• Injury prevention and control
• Mental health
, 2
Module 1.2
The national chronic disease strategy
• Provides a framework of national direction for improving chronic disease
prevention and care
Nurses role in prevention and promotion
• Understand determinants of health and risk factors
• Provide information on management of risk factors
• Education for patients to maintain level of wellness
• Advocate for optimum health and wellness of patient
• Identify and promote national health priorities
Individual advocacy in first people’s health
• Advocating for equitable health care for first people’s
• Advocacy can open doors to participation
• It can right wrongs, change the balance of power, address injustice and
Improve health services
• Advocating: speaking on behalf of the sincerely perceived inters of a
person or group
• Health consumers have their needs, rights and interested promoted and
addressed
The national strategic framework for chronic conditions 2017-2025
• Will supersede the national chronic disease strategy (2005)
• To provide an opportunity to consider and review current approaches
• Provide a national direction applicable to a broad range of chronic
conditions, rather than disease-specific approach
• 8 principle: equity, collaboration and partnerships, access, evidence-
based, person-cantered approaches, sustainability, accountability and
transparency and shared responsibility
• Focuses on prevention for a healthier Australia
• Provides effective and appropriate care to support people and optimise
quality of life
