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Diseño de compensadores pi, pd, pid, adelanto, atraso y adelanto-atraso

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Diseño de compensadores y comprobación en matlab: diseñar un compensador de adelanto (Lead), usando metodología del dominio de la frecuencia para que el sistema G(s) tenga un margen de fase igual a 50° y un error estacionario de 0.2, ante entrada rampa unitaria. Comprobar su diseño en Matlab.

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Tarea No 3: 2 Segundo Parcial




Función de transferencia del controlador en adelanto:
𝜏𝑠 + 1
𝐺𝑐 (𝑠) = 𝑘𝑐 𝛼
𝛼𝜏𝑠 + 1
Para encontrar la ganancia del controlador, se emplean las fórmulas del error ante rampa unitaria:

𝑘𝑣 = lim 𝑠 ∗ 𝐺𝑐 (𝑠) ∗ 𝐺(𝑠)
𝑠→0

𝜏𝑠 + 1 9
𝑘𝑣 = lim 𝑠 ∗ 𝑘𝑐 𝛼 ∗
𝑠→0 𝛼𝜏𝑠 + 1 𝑠(𝑠 + 3)(𝑠 + 6)
9
𝑘𝑣 = 𝑘𝑐 𝛼 ∗
18
2𝑘𝑣 = 𝑘𝑐 𝛼
1
𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 0,2 =
𝑘𝑣
𝑘𝑣 = 5
𝑘𝑐 𝛼 = 2 ∗ 5
𝑘𝑐 𝛼 = 10
Para el diagrama de bode, se emplea la función de transferencia de la planta con la ganancia del
controlador:
90
𝐺1 =
𝑠(𝑠 + 3)(𝑠 + 6)
Con ayuda de MATLAB se encuentra el margen de fase del sistema sin compensar por la ganancia del
controlador:

, 𝑀𝐹 = 16,9°
Con ello, se calcula el ángulo necesario para cumplir el margen de fase deseado:

∅𝑚 = 𝑀𝐹𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑜 − 𝑀𝐹 + 10°
∅𝑚 = 50° − 16,9° + 10°
∅𝑚 = 43,1°
Para determinar 𝛼:
1−𝛼
𝑠𝑒𝑛(∅𝑚 ) =
1+𝛼
𝑠𝑒𝑛(∅𝑚 )(1 + 𝛼) = 1 − 𝛼
𝑠𝑒𝑛(∅𝑚 ) + 𝛼𝑠𝑒𝑛(∅𝑚 ) = 1 − 𝛼
𝛼[1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(∅𝑚 )] = 1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(∅𝑚 )
1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(∅𝑚 )
𝛼=
[1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(∅𝑚 )]
1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(43,1)
𝛼=
[1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(43,1)]
𝛼 = 0,18816

,Con este valor, se calcula la magnitud del sistema en dB:
1
|𝐺1 | = −20 log10 ( )
√𝛼
1
|𝐺1 | = −20 log10 ( )
√0,18816
|𝐺1 | = −7,2547𝑑𝐵

A esta ganancia, se encuentra la nueva frecuencia de cruce de fase con ayuda de MATLAB:




𝜔𝑚 = 4,78𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
Con este valor se calcula τ:
1
𝜔𝑚 =
𝜏√𝛼
1
𝜏=
𝜔𝑚 √𝛼
1
𝜏=
4,78√0,18816
𝜏 = 0,48229
Se calculan el polo y el cero:
1
𝑧=
𝜏
𝑧 = 2,07344

, 1
𝑝=
𝛼𝜏
𝑝 = 11,01956
Se determina 𝑘𝑐 :
𝑘𝑐 𝛼
𝑘𝑐 =
𝛼
10
𝑘𝑐 =
0,18816
𝑘𝑐 = 53,14625
El diseño del compensador es:
𝑠 + 2,07344
𝐺𝑐 (𝑠) = 53,14625
𝑠 + 11,01956
Se verifica en Control System Designer:

- Para la entrada de rampa unitaria F:




- Para el compensador C:

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