Potter-Perry Chapter 42 Electrolytes and Fluid Balance cards 2024

1. Approximately two thirds of the body's total water volume exists in the _____ fluid. a. Intracellular b. Interstitial c. Intravascular d. Transcellular - Correct Answer A (Intracellular fluid accounts for approximately two thirds of the fluids in the body—about 42% of total body weight. Interstitial fluid, intravascular fluid, and transcellular fluid constitute extra-cellular fluid, which is the fluid outside a cell.) 2. The process of passively moving water from an area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration is known as a. Hydrolysis. b. Osmosis. c. Filtration. d. Active transport. - Correct Answer B (The process of moving water from an area of low particle concentration to an area of higher par-ticle concentration is known as osmosis. Hydrolysis is not a term related to fluid and electrolyte balance. Filtration is mediated by fluid pressure from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. Active transport requires metabolic activity and is not passive.) 3. The nurse knows that edema in a patient who has venous congestion from right heart failure is facilitated by an imbalance with regard to _____ pressure. a. Hydrostatic b. Osmotic c. Oncotic d. Concentration - Correct Answer A (Venous congestion increases capillary hydrostatic pressure. Increased hydrostatic pressure causes edema by causing increased movement of fluid into the interstitial area. Osmotic and oncotic pressures involve the concentrations of solutes and can contribute to edema in other situations. Concentration pressure is not a nursing term.) 4. The nurse understands that administering a hypertonic solution to a patient will shift wa-ter from the _____ to the _____ space. a. Intracellular; extracellular b. Extracellular; intracellular c. Intravascular; intracellular d. Intravascular; interstitial - Correct Answer A (A hypertonic solution has a concentration greater than normal body fluids, so water will shift out of cells because of the osmotic pull of the extra particles. Movement of water into cells occurs when hypotonic fluids are administered. Distribution of fluid between