INBDE Final Exam Questions And Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (100% Correct)

The patient says, "My lower back teeth hurt a lot! On the left side. Also, I think I look swollen under my chin, and my tongue feels thick." Background/or patient history: None. Current Findings: The patient has a temperature of 101.8 F. She has redness and swelling in the suprahyoid region of the neck, and her tongue is swollen. An x-ray reveals a periapical abscess of the left 3rd mandibular molar. You diagnose Ludwig's angina. What marks the boundary between the sublingual and submandibular spaces? Select all correct answers. - Answer Geniohyoid muscle Mylohyoid groove Genioglossus muscle Mylohyoid line -- Mylohyoid muscle -- Patient: 62-year-old female Chief complaint: The patient says, "My lower back teeth hurt a lot! On the left side. Also, I think I look swollen under my chin, and my tongue feels thick." Background/or patient history: None. Current Findings: The patient has a temperature of 101.8 F. She has redness and swelling in the suprahyoid region of the neck, and her tongue is swollen. An x-ray reveals a periapical abscess of the left 3rd mandibular molar. You diagnose Ludwig's angina. Into which space/s has the infection apparently traveled in this patient? Select all correct answers. - Answer Submandibular space -- Maxillary sinus Inferior nasal meatus Sublingual space -- Retropharyngeal space Patient: 62-year-old female Chief complaint: The patient says, "My lower back teeth hurt a lot! On the left side. Also, I think I look swollen under my chin, and my tongue feels thick." Background/or patient history: None. Current Findings: The patient has a temperature of 101.8 F. She has redness and swelling in the suprahyoid region of the neck, and her tongue is swollen. An x-ray reveals a periapical abscess of the left 3rd mandibular molar. You diagnose Ludwig's angina. INBDE Final Exam Questions And Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (100% Correct) The most likely pathway of infection was: - Answer Abscess carotid sheath sublingual space submandibular space Abscess submandibular space sublingual space -- Abscess infratemporal space submandibular and sublingual spaces Abscess sublingual space submandibular space Patient: 62-year-old female Chief complaint: The patient says, "My lower back teeth hurt a lot! On the left side. Also, I think I look swollen under my chin, and my tongue feels thick." Background/or patient history: None. Current Findings: The patient has a temperature of 101.8 F. She has redness and swelling in the suprahyoid region of the neck, and her tongue is swollen. An x-ray reveals a periapical abscess of the left 3rd mandibular molar. You diagnose Ludwig's angina. To what other spaces could the infection travel if untreated? Select all correct answers. - Answer Mediastinum -- Carotid sheath -- Parotid space -- Retropharyngeal space -- Patient: An elderly female patient, age 78 Chief Complaint: Dry eyes and dry mouth, joint pain Background / Patient History: Has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis 20 years prior. Now she has consistent dry eyes and mouth. Current Findings: Her minor salivary gland biopsy shows extensive lymphocytic infiltration, but intact ductal cells and myoepithelial islands. What is the likely diagnosis? - Answer Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Rheumatoid arthritis Primary Sjogren's syndrome Secondary Sjogren's syndrome -- Type 2 Diabetes Patient: An elderly female patient, age 78 Chief Complaint: Dry eyes and dry mouth, joint pain Background / Patient History: Has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis 20 years prior. Now she has consistent dry eyes and mouth. Current Findings: Her minor salivary gland biopsy shows extensive lymphocytic infiltration, but intact ductal cells and myoepithelial islands. What is the explanation for the appearance of the tongue? - Answer Absence of the circumvallate papillae Absence of fungiform papillae Absence of von Ebner's glands Absence of filiform papillae -- Absence of foliate papillae Which of the following BEST describes the primary ionic movement during the depolarization phase of a nerve action potential? - Answer Sodium ions moving from outside the membrane to inside the membrane -- Potassium ions moving into the fiber from interstitial fluid Sodium ions moving from inside the membrane to outside the membrane Large organic-negative ions moving from inside the fiber to outside the fiber Potassium ions moving from inside to outside the membrane What are predominant linkages in glycogen between glucose units? - Answer Alpha1,4 -- Alpha-1,6 Beta-1,3 Beta-1,4 Beta-1,6 Which of the following is produced when a mutation occurs in an enzyme controlling a signal pathway involved in cell growth processes? - Answer Transgene Oncogene -- Epigene Monogene Antigene Which of the following is caused by vitamin D deficiency in adults? - Answer Myxedema Rickets Osteomalacia -- Acromegaly Osteitis fibrosa cystica Patient: Female, 25-years-old Chief complaint: She describes a cotton-like feeling in her mouth and lack of taste. She has tried brushing her tongue but this just caused slight bleeding. Background/or patient history: HR is a 25 year-old female with HIV that is well controlled on combination antiretroviral therapy. She recently was prescribed antibiotics for a urinary tract infection. HR also has liver disease. Current Findings: She presents with creamy white lesions on her tongue. What does HR have? - Answer Oral candidiasis -- Lichen planus Oral mucositis Patient: Female, 25-years-old Chief complaint: She describes a cotton-like feeling in her mouth and lack of taste. She has tried brushing her tongue but this just caused slight bleeding. Background/or patient history: HR is a 25 year-old female with HIV that is well controlled on combination antiretroviral therapy. She recently was prescribed antibiotics for a urinary tract infection. HR also has liver disease. Current Findings: She presents with creamy white lesions on her tongue. What will be a preferred medication to use to treat HR? - Answer Nystatin -- Fluconazole Clotrimazole Triamcinolone Clindamycin Patient: Female, 25 years old Chief complaint: She describes a cotton-like feeling in her mouth and lack of taste. She has tried brushing her tongue but this just caused slight bleeding. Background/or patient history: HR is a 25 yo F with HIV that is well controlled on combination antiretroviral therapy. She recently was prescribed antibiotics for a urinary tract infection. HR also has liver disease. She presented one week ago with creamy white lesions on her tongue, and you prescribed Nystatin. Current Findings: HR's HIV infection is out of control and the creamy white lesions are spreading to the esophageal area. Please note that there is now additional information in the patient box. What is the appropriate treatment? - Answer Clotrimazole Triamcinolone Fluconazole -- Nystatin Patient: Female, 25 years old Chief complaint: She describes a cotton-like feeling in her mouth and lack of taste. She has tried brushing her tongue but this just caused slight bleeding. Background/or patient history: HR is a 25 yo F with HIV that is well controlled on combination antiretroviral therapy. She recently was prescribed antibiotics for a urinary tract infection. HR also has liver disease. She presented one week ago with creamy white lesions on her tongue, and you prescribed Nystatin. Current Findings: HR's HIV infection is out of control and the creamy white lesions are spreading to the esophageal area. Which nerves would be involved in the patient's symptoms? (Check all that apply) - Answer Facial nerve (CN VII) -- Trigeminal nerve (CN V) -- Lingual nerve -- Chorda tympani -- Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) -- Patient: Female, 25 years old Chief complaint: She describes a cotton-like feeling in her mouth and lack of taste. She has tried brushing her tongue but this just caused slight bleeding. Background/or patient history: HR is a 25 yo F with HIV that is well controlled on combination antiretroviral therapy. She recently was prescribed antibiotics for a urinary tract infection. HR also has liver disease. She presented one week ago with creamy white lesions on her tongue, and you prescribed Nystatin. Current Findings: HR's HIV infection is out of control and the creamy white lesions are spreading to the esophageal area. Which of the following represents a possible pathway of blood supply to the area where the patient is experiencing bleeding? - Answer Aortic arch brachiocephalic trunk left common carotid artery external carotid artery lingual artery dorsal lingual artery Aortic arch brachiocephalic trunk right common carotid artery internal carotid artery lingual artery dorsal lingual artery Aortic arch left common carotid artery external carotid artery lingual artery dorsal lingual artery -- Aortic arch brachiocephalic trunk right common carotid artery external carotid artery lingual artery dorsal lingual artery -- When we eat and drink, the oral environment changes. This can include a change in the pH. What is the critical pH of saliva at which enamel begins to demineralize? - Answer 5.0 5.5 -- 6.6 4.4 3.3 Which of the following is NOT TRUE in regard to the caries process and disease management of dental caries? - Answer Key pathological and protective factors determine whether the caries process progresses, reverses or is in balance. The caries process is a continuum resulting from many cycles of demineralization and remineralization. Current evidence base demonstrates that antimicrobial mouth rinses are the only effective approach to ensure that the caries process is reversed in cases of severe unbalance. -- Placing the dental filling only removes the offending bacteria from that cavity in the tooth. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding dental caries: - Answer It is possible to have a dental cavity but no active dental caries. It is possible to have active dental caries but not a dental cavity. It is possible to have both active dental caries and a dental cavity. It is possible to have neither active dental caries nor a dental cavity. All the statements are TRUE -- Facilitated diffusion DIFFERS from active transport in that net transport by facilitated diffusion - Answer is the only method by which oxygen can cross the cell membrane. occurs as an endergonic (positive AG) process. uses ATP as an energy source. has a transport maximum. requires a concentration gradient. -- The rapid emergence of new strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is primarily the result of: - Answer frequent errors in the translation of viral proteins. the imprecision of protein cleavage by viral protease. the lack of immune response to the viral envelope glycoprotein. the frequent genomic recombination between human immunodeficiency virus and other retroviruses. frequent errors introduced by viral reverse transcriptase. -- About the Patient: 23-year-old African-American woman. Background / Patient History: Patient reports feeling tired, cold, and light-headed. She has recently lost weight due to a "grapefruit diet," in which the only food she eats is ½ grapefruit twice a day. Chief Complaint: "I have a check-up scheduled for today. But I feel kind of dizzy. Can I get in the chair before I faint?" Current Findings: Extraoral examination shows sallow skin and cold hands and feet. Vital signs: BP: 114/74 Height: 5'6" Weight: 106 lbs Later blood tests reveal anemia. Your patient's abnormal blood test result is most likely due to which of the following? - Answer Sickle cell disease G6PD deficiency Acute blood loss Iron deficiency -- Polycythemia vera About the Patient: 23-year-old African-American woman. Background / Patient History: Patient reports feeling tired, cold, and light-headed. She has recently lost weight due to a "grapefruit diet," in which the only food she eats is ½ grapefruit twice a day. Chief Complaint: "I have a check-up scheduled for today. But I feel kind of dizzy. Can I get in the chair before I faint?" Current Findings: Extraoral examination shows sallow skin and cold hands and feet. Vital signs: BP: 114/74 Height: 5'6" Weight: 106 lbs Later blood tests reveal anemia. You would expect a blood smear from your patient to show which of the following? - Answer Sickle cells Heinz bodies Nucleated red blood cells Hypochromic microcytes -- Ringed sideroblasts About the Patient: 23-year-old African-American woman. Background / Patient History: Patient reports feeling tired, cold, and light-headed. She has recently lost weight due to a "grapefruit diet," in which the only food she eats is ½ grapefruit twice a day. Chief Complaint: "I have a check-up scheduled for today. But I feel kind of dizzy. Can I get in the chair before I faint?" Current Findings: Extraoral examination shows sallow skin and cold hands and feet. Vital signs: BP: 114/74 Height: 5'6" Weight: 106 lbs Later blood tests reveal anemia. EMAIL ME: For help with report, Assignment, Essay and thesis writing You look at her blood test results. What would you expect for the hemoglobin results? - Answer 7 g/dL -- 33% 13 g/dL 17 g/dL 40% 48% About the Patient: 23-year-old African-American woman. Background / Patient History: Patient reports feeling tired, cold, and light-headed. She has recently lost weight due to a "grapefruit diet," in which the only food she eats is ½ grapefruit twice a day. Chief Complaint: "I have a check-up scheduled for today. But I feel kind of dizzy. Can I get in the chair before I faint?" Current Findings: Extraoral examination shows sallow skin and cold hands and feet. Vital signs: BP: 114/74 Height: 5'6" Weight: 106 lbs Later blood tests reveal anemia. This patient is at risk of which of the following bone diseases due to a lack of minerals in her diet? - Answer Osteomalacia --- Rickets Osteogenesis imperfecta type I Scurvy About the Patient: 23-year-old African-American woman. Background / Patient History: Patient reports feeling tired, cold, and light-headed. She has recently lost weight due to a "grapefruit diet," in which the only food she eats is ½ grapefruit twice a day. Chief Complaint: "I have a check-up scheduled for today. But I feel kind of dizzy. Can I get in the chair before I faint?" Current Findings: Extraoral examination shows sallow skin and cold hands and feet. Vital signs: BP: 114/74 Height: 5'6" Weight: 106 lbs Later blood tests reveal anemia. Which cell death mechanism is being used to provide nutrients to your patient's body? - Answer Pyroptosis Apoptosis Necrosis Autophagy -- If a maxillary first molar has a fourth pulp canal, it is located in which of the following roots? - Answer Distofacial Fourth Palatal Mesiofacial -- When compared to the maxillary central incisor, the maxillary canine normally exhibits which of the following? - Answer Wider crown mesiodistally Thicker crown labiolingually -- Shorter crown and shorter root length Longer crown incisogingivally Shorter root Which of the following bacteria are gram-positive cocci and commonly cause skin infection and abscess formation? - Answer Streptococcus viridans Bacillus anthracis Staphylococcus saprophyticus Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus -- Oral streptococci are usually - Answer beta-hemolytic. alpha-hemolytic. -- non-hemolytic. gamma-hemolytic. Calcium stimulates skeletal muscle contraction. Its effect is mediated through binding to which of the following? - Answer Troponin C -- Actin Tropomyosin Sarcoplasmic reticulum Troponin I Patient: 19-year-old male Chief complaint: Broke my front teeth. I was playing basketball and I took an elbow to my face. Background/or patient history: None Current Findings: Fractured both maxillary central incisors. He split his upper lip and cut the tip of his tongue. You are going to restore the incisors with a direct addition of composite resin. When viewed from the facial, what are the type traits for the teeth you are restoring? - Answer Both are rhomboidal in shape The mesioincisal angle nearly forms a right angle -- Have a labial ridge Taper towards the facial ridge Patient: 19-year-old male Chief complaint: Broke my front teeth. I was playing basketball and I took an elbow to my face. Background/or patient history: None Current Findings: Fractured both maxillary central incisors. He split his upper lip and cut the tip of his tongue. You are going to restore the incisors with a direct addition of composite resin. Which of the following arteries would be directly or indirectly involved in this injury? (Select all that apply.) - Answer Lingual -- Facial -- External carotid -- Inferior alveolar Internal carotid Patient: 19-year-old male Chief complaint: Broke my front teeth. I was playing basketball and I took an elbow to my face. Background/or patient history: None Current Findings: Fractured both maxillary central incisors. He split his upper lip and cut the tip of his tongue. You are going to restore the incisors with a direct addition of composite resin. Which nerves would be involved in this injury and the restoration? (Select all that apply.) - Answer Nasopalatine nerve -- Lingual nerve -- Infraorbital nerve -- Glossopharyngeal nerve Anterior superior alveolar nerve -- Patient: Patient is 22, male.