Hondros BIO 117 Final Exam Questions and Answers, Latest Updated 2024/2025 | 100% Correct

allows blood to flow directly from the right atrium into the left atrium to bypass pulmonary circulation - ANSWER foramen ovale carries blood from the umbilical vein to inferior vena cava; allows some blood to bypass the liver - ANSWER ductus venosus atrial contraction; systole; p wave - ANSWER atrial depolarization max volume of air that can be exhaled following maximal inhalation - ANSWER vital capacity allows blood in pulmonary artery to flow directly into the descending aorta to bypass the pulmonary circulation - ANSWER ductus arteriosus ventricular relaxtion; diastole; t wave - ANSWER ventricular repolarization most important stimulus for the release of aldosterone - ANSWER renin volume of air in lungs following maximal inhalation - ANSWER total lung capacity provides oxygenated blood to brain - ANSWER circle of willis aorta; left pulmonary veins; left atrium; left ventricle; bicuspid - ANSWER structures that carry oxygenated blood (left heart) pulmonary arteries; vena cava; right atrium; right ventricle; tricuspid - ANSWER structures that carry unoxygenated blood (right heart) transport unoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta - ANSWER umbilical arteries transports oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus - ANSWER umbilical vein volume of air that remains in lung after forceful exhalation - ANSWER residual volume ventricular contraction; systole; qrs complex - ANSWER ventricular depolarization located between left ventricle and left aorta - ANSWER aortic semilunar valve Hondros BIO 117 Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest 2024/2024 | 100% Correct located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery - ANSWER pulmonic semilunar two semilunar valves - ANSWER pulmonary and aortic pushes blood out of the heart into the pulmonary trunk-lungs - ANSWER right ventricle decreases thoracic and lung volume and increases pressure in the lungs - ANSWER exhalation space between the vocal cords - ANSWER glottis/rima glottidis vagus nerve effects - ANSWER sa node pacemaker of the heart - ANSWER SA node right heart pumps blood to the - ANSWER pulmonary circulation acetylcholine; rest; decrease temp; hyperkalemia; hypocalcemia; parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER factors that decrease heart rate norepinephrine; epinephrine; stress; increase in temp; anticholinergic drugs; hypokalemia; hypercalcemia - ANSWER factors that increase heart rate Left AV valve - ANSWER Bicuspid what substance is secreted in urine to decrease bloods ph - ANSWER bicarbonte HCO3 what substance is secreted in urine to increase bloods ph - ANSWER hydrogen ions plasma protein albumin is produced by - ANSWER liver volume of blood pumped from one ventricular of the heart with each beat - ANSWER stroke volume volume of blood being pumped by heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in the time of one minute - ANSWER cardiac output vagus nerve - ANSWER decreases heart rate Right AV valve - ANSWER Tricuspid septum between right and left atria - ANSWER foramen ovale eliminated when we have acidosis - ANSWER hydrogen ions only structure of respiratory tract that is part of digestive system - ANSWER pharynx protein inside red blood cells that carry oxygento cells and carbon dioxide to the lungs - ANSWER hemoglobin loss of negative intrapleural pressure - ANSWER collapses lung measured during normal quiet breathing - ANSWER tidal volume coronary arteries and veins are part of - ANSWER systemic circulation located between right atrium and right ventricle - ANSWER right av Lower chambers of the heart and pump blood out of the heart - ANSWER ventricles muscles of respiration relax and allow the ribs and diaphragm to return to their original positions - ANSWER exhalation left heart pumps blood to the - ANSWER systemic circulation pushes blood out of the heart into the aorta-body - ANSWER left venteicle small hole in septum - ANSWER foramen ovale collects nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood to the liver - ANSWER hepatic portal vein excess sodium in the blood and is result of excess water loss - ANSWER hypernatremia stimulates the reabsorption of sodium and water; stimulates the excretion of potassium; acts primarily on the distal tubule - ANSWER aldosterone forward movement of food is caused by - ANSWER peristalsis partially surround the trachea for its entire length and serve to keep it open - ANSWER c-shaped rings of cartilage located behind the oral cavity and between the nasal cavities and the larynx - ANSWER pharynx causes bronchodilation - ANSWER sympathetic ~ Epinephrine/Norepinephrine water soluble vitamins - ANSWER B and C relaxation of internal sphincter - ANSWER involuntary protein is digested - ANSWER stomach and duodenum enzyme that breaks down starch - ANSWER amylase caused by closing of semilunar valves - ANSWER 2nd heart sound caused by closing of the av valves - ANSWER 1st heart sound Causes bronchoconstriction - ANSWER Parasympathetic-acetylcholine lower than normal amount of potassium in the blood - ANSWER hypokalemia chemical alteration of food - ANSWER chemical digestion breakdown of large food particles into smaller pieces - ANSWER mechanical digestion controls the diaphragm - ANSWER phrenic nerve chief muscle of inspiration - ANSWER diaphragm enzyme that digests fat - ANSWER lipase excess potassium in the blood - ANSWER hyperkalemia decrease in the concentration of plasma sodium - ANSWER hyponatremia fluid located in the intracellular space - ANSWER cytoplasm Lowers calcium levels - ANSWER Calcitonin stimulates the reabsorption of water - ANSWER ADH pharynx is superior to the - ANSWER larynx digests, absorbs, secrets hormones and digestive enzymes - ANSWER functions of small intestine arteries have higher blood pressure than - ANSWER veins hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex - ANSWER aldosterone arterioles have higher blood pressure than - ANSWER venules pulses 1st originated to the last - ANSWER sa node, av node, bundle of his, purkinje fibers produces bile - ANSWER liver Most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in the __________. - ANSWER duodenum volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled after normal inhalation - ANSWER inspiratory reserve volume volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after normal exhalation - ANSWER expiratory reserve volume enzyme that activates the angio-aldosterone system - ANSWER renin connects with the stomach aka cardiac sphincter - ANSWER lower esophageal sphincter LES 2nd heart sound is caused by - ANSWER Closing of Semilunar valves 1st heart sound - ANSWER AV valves closing tubes that conduct urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder - ANSWER ureters right lungs has how many lobes - ANSWER 3 Left lung has how many lobes? - ANSWER 2 caps larynx to prevent food from entering the airway - ANSWER epiglottis traps pathogens/particles and goes to stomach - ANSWER mucous relaxation of external sphincter - ANSWER voluntary stimulates production of Red Blood Cells - ANSWER erythropoietin parts of small intestine - ANSWER duodenum, jejunum, ileum #1 fuel choice - ANSWER carbs tiny air sacs in the lungs - ANSWER alveoli Causes Jaundice - ANSWER Bilirubin where is the circle of willis - ANSWER base of brain Takes blood away from the heart - ANSWER Arteries takes blood to the heart - ANSWER veins highest blood pressure - ANSWER aorta helps prevent regurgitation of the stomach contents into the esophagus - ANSWER esophageal sphincter located at end of pyloric canal and helps regulate the rate at which gastric contents are delivered to small intestine - ANSWER pyloric sphincter chemical that narrows blood vessels and opens airways in the lungs - ANSWER epinephrine tube that conducts urine from the bladder to outside for elimination - ANSWER urethra located between left atrium and left ventricle - ANSWER left av site of filtration - ANSWER glomerulus enzyme that breaks down proteins - ANSWER trypsin systemic circulation - ANSWER heart to body to heart; arteries are red-veins are blue only macronutrient that gets digested in the mouth - ANSWER carbs pulmonary circulation - ANSWER heart to lungs to heart; arteries are blue-veins are red stores bile - ANSWER gallbladder Upper chambers of the heart and receive blood into the heart - ANSWER atria respiratory muscles, diaphragm, and intercostal muscles contract - ANSWER inhalation Fat soluble vitamins - ANSWER A, D, E, K eyes - ANSWER vitamin A bones - ANSWER vitamin d skin health - ANSWER vitamin e blood clotting - ANSWER vitamin K albumin maintains - ANSWER osmotic pressure extracellular fluid - ANSWER interstitial fluid, lymph, transcellular fluid and plasma storage, excretion, phagocytosis, detoxification, synthesis of plasma proteins, metabolism of carbs, proteins, fats - ANSWER liver function sagittal plane - ANSWER a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions frontal plane - ANSWER divides the body into anterior and posterior portions aka coronal plane anything that occupies space and has weight-solid, liquid, gas - ANSWER matter a solution has 2 parts - ANSWER solvent and solution EMAIL ME: For help with report, Assignment, Essay and thesis writing substance being dissolved in a solution - ANSWER solute subatomic particles - ANSWER protons, neutrons, electrons two or more atoms bonded together - ANSWER molecule superior - ANSWER above another structure inferior - ANSWER part located below another part medial - ANSWER toward the midline of the body lateral - ANSWER away from the midline superficial - ANSWER located on or near the surface of the body particles are relatively large and tend to settle to the bottom unless mixture is shaken continually - ANSWER suspensions the particles that are mixed together remain evenly distributed - ANSWER solutions proximal - ANSWER closer to the point of attachment caused by transfer of electrons between atoms - ANSWER ionic bond involves a sharing of electrons by the outer shells of the atoms - ANSWER covalent bond ion is positively charged - ANSWER cation ion is negatively charged - ANSWER anion Posterior (dorsal) - ANSWER Toward the back Anterior (ventral) - ANSWER toward the front surface Homeostasis - ANSWER body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment two or more different atoms bonded together - ANSWER compound major component of cellular membrane - ANSWER phospholipids 5 steroids - ANSWER cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone Polyaccharides - ANSWER starch and glycogen Disaccharides - ANSWER Sucrose and lactose Monosaccharides - ANSWER glucose and fructose what is the energy molecule - ANSWER ATP the more H+ we have in a solution the more - ANSWER acidic more water, less salt. this solution causes red blood cells to burst - ANSWER hypotonic solution organic compounds that are commonly called fats and oils - ANSWER lipids sites of protein synthesis - ANSWER ribosomes taking in or ingestion of substances by the cell membrane - ANSWER endocytosis mitosis - ANSWER 46 chromosomes less water, more salt - ANSWER hypertonic meiosis - ANSWER 23 chromosomes