HONDROS BIO 117 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 (GRADED)

The heart is found in what cavity? - ANSWER thoracic Which layer of the heart is found on the inside? - ANSWER Endocardium The heart is positioned in-between what? - ANSWER The lungs Which layer of the heart is the thickest and is made of cardiac muscle? - ANSWER Myocardium The base of the heart is located at the... - ANSWER at the 2nd rib What fluid can be found between the visceral and parietal pericardium? - ANSWER Serous fluid What are the layers of the heart? - ANSWER endocardium, myocardium, epicardium and pericardium The pulmonary arteries take blood to: - ANSWER The lungs What is the "inside layer" of the heart - ANSWER Endocardium Blood flows from the superior/inferior vena cava into: - ANSWER right atrium What is the thick muscular layer of the heart that is responsible for pumping blood? - ANSWER Myocardium The pulmonary veins take blood to: - ANSWER left atrium What type of muscle is the Myocardium of the heart? - ANSWER Cardiac muscle The tricuspid valve is found: - ANSWER Between the right atrium and right ventricle What layer of the heart is directly attached to the heart? - ANSWER Epicardium The pulmonary valve is found: - ANSWER Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries HONDROS BIO 117 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 What layer surrounds the heart but does not directly touch it? - ANSWER Pericardium The bicuspid (or mitral valve) is found: - ANSWER Between the left atrium and left ventricle Where in layers of the heart can pericardial fluid be found? - ANSWER Between the Epicardium and Pericardium The "hardest working" and thickest chamber of the heart is... - ANSWER The left ventricle What is the condition and result when too much pericardial fluid accumulates between the epicardium and pericardium? - ANSWER Pericardial Effusion Which vessel carries blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium? - ANSWER pulmonary veins What is the thick structure that runs down the middle of the heart and separates the inside of the heart into right and left parts? - ANSWER Septum (True or False) The left side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to receive oxygen - ANSWER False Name the blood vessels that deliver oxygenated blood to the heart tissue. - ANSWER Coronary arteries Which of the following are AV valves? Tricuspid Bicuspid Pulmonary Aortic - ANSWER Tricuspid and Bicuspid When do the atria relax (diastole)? - ANSWER After the P Wave The coronary arteries deliver ______________________ to the heart tissue. - ANSWER Oxygenated blood What wave represents "all chambers relaxed"? - ANSWER T wave Which of the following are semilunar valves? Tricuspid Bicuspid Pulmonary Aortic - ANSWER Pulmonary and Aortic The second heart sound is heard at all what wave? - ANSWER T wave Name the blood vessels that drain deoxygenated blood from the heart tissue. - ANSWER Coronary Veins The amount of blood pumped by our heart in one minute is called what? - ANSWER Cardiac Output Why do we have valves in our heart? - ANSWER To prevent back flow The sympathetic nervous system would cause our heart rate to: - ANSWER Increase The coronary veins drain ________________________ from the heart tissue. - ANSWER Deoxygenated Blood The parasympathetic nervous system would cause our heart rate to: - ANSWER Decrease The closing of which set of valves causes the "first heart sound"? - ANSWER AV Valves Which cranial nerve is the largest parasympathetic nerve and goes to the heart (amount other organs - ANSWER CN X (Vagus Nerve) All of the coronary veins merge into where? - ANSWER Coronary Sinus (True or False) The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve to the body - ANSWER False The closing of which set of valves causes the "second heart sound"? - ANSWER Semilunar Valves Name the large vein of the heart that drains into the right atria - ANSWER Coronary Sinus Absorption occurs where? Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine - ANSWER Small intestines and large intestines Chemical digestion occurs where? Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine - ANSWER Mouth, Stomach, and Small Intestines. Which of the following events happens at the P wave? - ANSWER Atria Contract How many times does the heart pump blood? - ANSWER Twice All of the following sphincters are smooth muscle EXCEPT: Upper esophageal Pyloric Internal anal Ileocecal External anal - ANSWER External anal The heart pumps blood once to the lungs to get oxygen during what type of circulation? - ANSWER Pulmonary The heart pumps blood to the body to deliver oxygen during what type of circulation? - ANSWER Systemic Pepsin is found where? - ANSWER stomach Pulmonary circulation begins where? - ANSWER right ventricle When our right and left atria contract, what valves does blood pass through? Tricuspid Bicuspid Pulmonary Aortic - ANSWER Tricuspid and Bicuspid What is another name for epicardium? - ANSWER visceral pericardium Chemical digestion includes: Bile Salivary amylase Chewing Muscle contraction Pancreatic lipase - ANSWER Salivary amylase and pancreatic lipase What is another name for pericardium? - ANSWER pericardial sac _____________________ transports nutrients, water, hormones, proteins, gases etc. through our body. - ANSWER Blood Vessels After the stomach, food goes to: - ANSWER duodenum Heart sounds are heard when what closes? - ANSWER Valves Which of the following events happens at the QRS complex? - ANSWER Blood is pumped to the lungs and the body The first heart sound is heard when what valves close? - ANSWER AV Valves The ileocecal sphincter is found in between: - ANSWER Small intestines and large intestines The second heart sound is heard when what valves close? - ANSWER Semilunar Valves The "lub" is the first heart sound, commonly termed what? - ANSWER S1 The large intestine absorbs what substance? - ANSWER Water The "dub" is the second heart sound, commonly termed what? - ANSWER S2 The first heard sound is heard during which part of an EKG? - ANSWER QRS Complex Bradycardia is what? - ANSWER slow heart rate Tachycardia is what? - ANSWER fast heart rate (True or False) The atria and ventricles can be relaxed at the same time - ANSWER True _____________________ is when the valves of the heart cannot fully open. - ANSWER Stenosis ______________________ is when the valves of the heart cannot fully close. - ANSWER Insufficiency (True or False) The AV valves and the semilunar valves can be open at the same time. - ANSWER False ASD stands for what? - ANSWER Atrial Septal Defect VSD stands for what? - ANSWER Ventricular Septal Defect (True or False) The atria and ventricles can be contracted at the same time. - ANSWER False A "hole" in the wall that separates the top two chambers of the heart. - ANSWER Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) A "hole" in the wall that separates the lower two chambers of the heart. - ANSWER Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) After the SA node, electricity flows to: - ANSWER AV Node What is another name for Myocardial Infarction? - ANSWER heart attack What is the condition called when oxygenated blood cannot be delivered to the heart tissue via the coronary arteries... The lack of oxygen to the heart kills cardiac muscle cells? - ANSWER Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Angina is what? - ANSWER Heart pain Is Vitamin A fat soluble or water soluble? - ANSWER fat soluble