OCR A MODULE 4 SECTION 1 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTION
AND ANSWER (VERIFIED) LATEST UPDATE
general formula - (correct answer) algebraic formula that can describe any member
of a family of compounds
empirical formula - (correct answer) simplest whole number ratio
molecular formula - (correct answer) actual number of atoms of each element in a
molecule
structural formula - (correct answer) shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by
carbon
CH3CH2CH3
skeletal formula - (correct answer) shows the bonds of carbon skeleton
/\/\/OH
displayed formula - (correct answer) shows how all the atoms are arranged
H-C-C-C-O-H
homologous series - (correct answer) bunch of organic compounds that have the
same functional group and general formula
alkanes - (correct answer) -ane
branched alkanes - (correct answer) alkyl-
alkene ending - (correct answer) -ene
haloalkanes - (correct answer) chloro-/bromo-/iodo-
alcohols - (correct answer) -ol
aldehydes - (correct answer) -al
ketones - (correct answer) -one
cycloalkanes - (correct answer) cyclo- ... -ane
carboxylic acids - (correct answer) -oic acid
esters - (correct answer) alkyl- ... -anoate
aromatic compounds - (correct answer) have a benzene ring
, aliphatic compouds - (correct answer) straight, branched or non aromatic chains
alicyclic - (correct answer) aliphatic compound containing a non aromatic ring
saturated - (correct answer) single bonds only
unsaturated - (correct answer) double, triple or aromatic bonds
alkyl group - (correct answer) fragment of a molecule
C(n)H(2n+1)
nomenclature - (correct answer) find longest carbon chain with most side chains
side chains go in alphabetical order
if more than 1 identical side chain use di-, tri- or tetra-
structural isomers - (correct answer) different arrangements of same molecular
formula
chain, positional and functional group isomers are all examples
chain isomers - (correct answer) carbon skeleton can be arranged differently
e.g. as a straight chain or branched
similar chemical properties
different physical properties
positional isomers - (correct answer) skeleton and functional group are the same,
with the functional group attached to a different carbon atom
different chemical and physical properties
functional group isomers - (correct answer) same atoms are arranged into different
functional groups
very different chemical and physical properties
alkane boiling points - (correct answer) small alkanes are gases at room
temperature and pressure, and have very low boiling points
larger alkanes are liquids and have a higher boiling point
longer chain means more surface contact so stronger intermolecular forces, so more
energy needed to break the bonds so a higher boiling point
branched chains have less surface contact so smaller intermolecular forces so a smaller
boiling points
alkane burning - (correct answer) oxidizing alkanes in oxygen produces CO2 and
H2O
liquid alkanes must be vaporised first
smaller alkanes turn into gases more easily so they burn more easily too
larger alkanes release more energy per mole
AND ANSWER (VERIFIED) LATEST UPDATE
general formula - (correct answer) algebraic formula that can describe any member
of a family of compounds
empirical formula - (correct answer) simplest whole number ratio
molecular formula - (correct answer) actual number of atoms of each element in a
molecule
structural formula - (correct answer) shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by
carbon
CH3CH2CH3
skeletal formula - (correct answer) shows the bonds of carbon skeleton
/\/\/OH
displayed formula - (correct answer) shows how all the atoms are arranged
H-C-C-C-O-H
homologous series - (correct answer) bunch of organic compounds that have the
same functional group and general formula
alkanes - (correct answer) -ane
branched alkanes - (correct answer) alkyl-
alkene ending - (correct answer) -ene
haloalkanes - (correct answer) chloro-/bromo-/iodo-
alcohols - (correct answer) -ol
aldehydes - (correct answer) -al
ketones - (correct answer) -one
cycloalkanes - (correct answer) cyclo- ... -ane
carboxylic acids - (correct answer) -oic acid
esters - (correct answer) alkyl- ... -anoate
aromatic compounds - (correct answer) have a benzene ring
, aliphatic compouds - (correct answer) straight, branched or non aromatic chains
alicyclic - (correct answer) aliphatic compound containing a non aromatic ring
saturated - (correct answer) single bonds only
unsaturated - (correct answer) double, triple or aromatic bonds
alkyl group - (correct answer) fragment of a molecule
C(n)H(2n+1)
nomenclature - (correct answer) find longest carbon chain with most side chains
side chains go in alphabetical order
if more than 1 identical side chain use di-, tri- or tetra-
structural isomers - (correct answer) different arrangements of same molecular
formula
chain, positional and functional group isomers are all examples
chain isomers - (correct answer) carbon skeleton can be arranged differently
e.g. as a straight chain or branched
similar chemical properties
different physical properties
positional isomers - (correct answer) skeleton and functional group are the same,
with the functional group attached to a different carbon atom
different chemical and physical properties
functional group isomers - (correct answer) same atoms are arranged into different
functional groups
very different chemical and physical properties
alkane boiling points - (correct answer) small alkanes are gases at room
temperature and pressure, and have very low boiling points
larger alkanes are liquids and have a higher boiling point
longer chain means more surface contact so stronger intermolecular forces, so more
energy needed to break the bonds so a higher boiling point
branched chains have less surface contact so smaller intermolecular forces so a smaller
boiling points
alkane burning - (correct answer) oxidizing alkanes in oxygen produces CO2 and
H2O
liquid alkanes must be vaporised first
smaller alkanes turn into gases more easily so they burn more easily too
larger alkanes release more energy per mole
